How to get connection to device working using adb command line:
USB debugging enabled on phone and phone connected.
I am exercising these commands on linux(redhat and ubuntu) but same commands work under the hood on windows. The device manager runs adb commands. You can find a console in your device manager or regular command-line works if you set up your paths to SDK.
If you can run adb and see something like ???????? in devices list ..
$ android-studio/sdk/platform-tools/adb devices
List of devices attached
???????????? no permissions
You might be running the adb server as a regular user.
You might have to run the adb server as root.
So kill the server as regular user and start it as root.
$ adb kill-server
$ which adb
$ sudo <fullpath>/android-studio/sdk/platform-tools/adb start-server
Now look at adb devices list, if it is first time this machine connects to this phone you will see "unauthorized".
$ adb devices
List of devices attached
MWS0216A31xxxxxx unauthorized
At this point on phone you should have dialog popped up and you can tap ok to authorize. Then you should see "device" in the devices list and commands like shell/push/pull/sync/backup... should work.
$ adb devices
List of devices attached
MWS0216A31xxxxxx device
$ adb shell "uname -a; df; ls /storage/sdcard0/Download"
Linux localhost 3.10.90-g2ff1b22 #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Dec 27 17:12:50 CST 2016 aarch64
Filesystem Size Used Free Blksize
/dev 1.3G 108.0K 1.3G 4096
/sys/fs/cgroup 1.3G 12.0K 1.3G 4096
/mnt 1.3G 0.0K 1.3G 4096
/sys/fs/cgroup/pids: Permission denied
/system 2.4G 2.3G 106.8M 4096
/cust 492.0M 327.7M 164.3M 4096
/cache 248.0M 160.0K 247.8M 4096
/splash2: Permission denied
/3rdmodem 59.0M 4.9M 54.1M 1024
/3rdmodemnvm: Permission denied
. .
/storage 1.3G 0.0K 1.3G 4096
/data 25.1G 10.9G 14.2G 4096
/mnt/runtime/default/emulated: Permission denied
/storage/emulated 25.1G 11.2G 13.8G 4096
/mnt/runtime/read/emulated: Permission denied
/mnt/runtime/write/emulated: Permission denied
.
.
Lovely jubly. Hopefully.