How do I .decode('string-escape') in Python 3?

Question

I have some escaped strings that need to be unescaped. I'd like to do this in Python.

For example, in Python 2.7 I can do this:

>>> "\\123omething special".decode('string-escape')
'Something special'
>>> 

How do I do it in Python 3? This doesn't work:

>>> b"\\123omething special".decode('string-escape')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
LookupError: unknown encoding: string-escape
>>> 

My goal is to be able to take a string like this:

s\000u\000p\000p\000o\000r\000t\000@\000p\000s\000i\000l\000o\000c\000.\000c\000o\000m\000

And turn it into:

"support@psiloc.com"

After I do the conversion, I'll probe to see if the string I have is encoded in UTF-8 or UTF-16.

Answer 1

You'll have to use unicode_escape instead:

>>> b"\\123omething special".decode('unicode_escape')

If you start with a str object instead (equivalent to the python 2.7 unicode) you'll need to encode to bytes first, then decode with unicode_escape.

If you need bytes as end result, you'll have to encode again to a suitable encoding (.encode('latin1') for example, if you need to preserve literal byte values; the first 256 Unicode code points map 1-on-1).

Your example is actually UTF-16 data with escapes. Decode from unicode_escape, back to latin1 to preserve the bytes, then from utf-16-le (UTF 16 little endian without BOM):

>>> value = b's\\000u\\000p\\000p\\000o\\000r\\000t\\000@\\000p\\000s\\000i\\000l\\000o\\000c\\000.\\000c\\000o\\000m\\000'
>>> value.decode('unicode_escape').encode('latin1')  # convert to bytes
b's\x00u\x00p\x00p\x00o\x00r\x00t\x00@\x00p\x00s\x00i\x00l\x00o\x00c\x00.\x00c\x00o\x00m\x00'
>>> _.decode('utf-16-le') # decode from UTF-16-LE
'support@psiloc.com'

Answer 2

The old "string-escape" codec maps bytestrings to bytestrings, and there's been a lot of debate about what to do with such codecs, so it isn't currently available through the standard encode/decode interfaces.

BUT, the code is still there in the C-API (as PyBytes_En/DecodeEscape), and this is still exposed to Python via the undocumented codecs.escape_encode and codecs.escape_decode.

>>> import codecs
>>> codecs.escape_decode(b"ab\\xff")
(b'ab\xff', 6)
>>> codecs.escape_encode(b"ab\xff")
(b'ab\\xff', 3)

These functions return the transformed bytes object, plus a number indicating how many bytes were processed... you can just ignore the latter.

>>> value = b's\\000u\\000p\\000p\\000o\\000r\\000t\\000@\\000p\\000s\\000i\\000l\\000o\\000c\\000.\\000c\\000o\\000m\\000'
>>> codecs.escape_decode(value)[0]
b's\x00u\x00p\x00p\x00o\x00r\x00t\x00@\x00p\x00s\x00i\x00l\x00o\x00c\x00.\x00c\x00o\x00m\x00'

Answer 3

If you want str-to-str decoding of escape sequences, so both input and output are Unicode:

def string_escape(s, encoding='utf-8'):
    return (s.encode('latin1')         # To bytes, required by 'unicode-escape'
             .decode('unicode-escape') # Perform the actual octal-escaping decode
             .encode('latin1')         # 1:1 mapping back to bytes
             .decode(encoding))        # Decode original encoding

Testing:

>>> string_escape('\\123omething special')
'Something special'

>>> string_escape(r's\000u\000p\000p\000o\000r\000t\000@'
                  r'\000p\000s\000i\000l\000o\000c\000.\000c\000o\000m\000',
                  'utf-16-le')
'support@psiloc.com'

Answer 4

py2

"\\123omething special".decode('string-escape')

py3

"\\123omething special".encode('utf-8').decode('unicode-escape')

Answer 5

You can't use unicode_escape on byte strings (or rather, you can, but it doesn't always return the same thing as string_escape does on Python 2) – beware!

This function implements string_escape using a regular expression and custom replacement logic.

def unescape(text):
    regex = re.compile(b'\\\\(\\\\|[0-7]{1,3}|x.[0-9a-f]?|[\'"abfnrt]|.|$)')
    def replace(m):
        b = m.group(1)
        if len(b) == 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid character escape: '\\'.")
        i = b[0]
        if i == 120:
            v = int(b[1:], 16)
        elif 48 <= i <= 55:
            v = int(b, 8)
        elif i == 34: return b'"'
        elif i == 39: return b"'"
        elif i == 92: return b'\\'
        elif i == 97: return b'\a'
        elif i == 98: return b'\b'
        elif i == 102: return b'\f'
        elif i == 110: return b'\n'
        elif i == 114: return b'\r'
        elif i == 116: return b'\t'
        else:
            s = b.decode('ascii')
            raise UnicodeDecodeError(
                'stringescape', text, m.start(), m.end(), "Invalid escape: %r" % s
            )
        return bytes((v, ))
    result = regex.sub(replace, text)

Answer 6

At least in my case this was equivalent:

Py2: my_input.decode('string_escape')
Py3: bytes(my_input.decode('unicode_escape'), 'latin1')

convertutils.py:

def string_escape(my_bytes):
    return bytes(my_bytes.decode('unicode_escape'), 'latin1')