Check empty string in Swift?

Question

In Objective C, one could do the following to check for strings:

if ([myString isEqualToString:@""]) {
    NSLog(@"myString IS empty!");
} else {
    NSLog(@"myString IS NOT empty, it is: %@", myString);
}

How does one detect empty strings in Swift?

Answer 1

There is now the built in ability to detect empty string with .isEmpty:

if emptyString.isEmpty {
    print("Nothing to see here")
}

Apple Pre-release documentation: "Strings and Characters".

Answer 2

A concise way to check if the string is nil or empty would be:

var myString: String? = nil

if (myString ?? "").isEmpty {
    print("String is nil or empty")
}

Answer 3

I am completely rewriting my answer (again). This time it is because I have become a fan of the guard statement and early return. It makes for much cleaner code.

Non-Optional String

Check for zero length.

let myString: String = ""

if myString.isEmpty {
    print("String is empty.")
    return // or break, continue, throw
}

// myString is not empty (if this point is reached)
print(myString)

If the if statement passes, then you can safely use the string knowing that it isn't empty. If it is empty then the function will return early and nothing after it matters.

Optional String

Check for nil or zero length.

let myOptionalString: String? = nil

guard let myString = myOptionalString, !myString.isEmpty else {
    print("String is nil or empty.")
    return // or break, continue, throw
}

// myString is neither nil nor empty (if this point is reached)
print(myString)

This unwraps the optional and checks that it isn't empty at the same time. After passing the guard statement, you can safely use your unwrapped nonempty string.

Answer 4

In Xcode 11.3 swift 5.2 and later

Use

var isEmpty: Bool { get } 

Example

let lang = "Swift 5"

if lang.isEmpty {
   print("Empty string")
}

If you want to ignore white spaces

if lang.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces).isEmpty {
   print("Empty string")
}

Answer 5

Here is how I check if string is blank. By 'blank' I mean a string that is either empty or contains only space/newline characters.

struct MyString {
  static func blank(text: String) -> Bool {
    let trimmed = text.trimmingCharacters(in: CharacterSet.whitespacesAndNewlines)
    return trimmed.isEmpty
  }
}

How to use:

MyString.blank(" ") // true

Answer 6

You can also use an optional extension so you don't have to worry about unwrapping or using == true:

extension String {
    var isBlank: Bool {
        return self.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).isEmpty
    }
}
extension Optional where Wrapped == String {
    var isBlank: Bool {
        if let unwrapped = self {
            return unwrapped.isBlank
        } else {
            return true
        }
    }
}

Note: when calling this on an optional, make sure not to use ? or else it will still require unwrapping.

Answer 7

To do the nil check and length simultaneously Swift 2.0 and iOS 9 onwards you could use

if(yourString?.characters.count > 0){}

Answer 8

isEmpty will do as you think it will, if string == "", it'll return true. Some of the other answers point to a situation where you have an optional string.

PLEASE use Optional Chaining!!!!

If the string is not nil, isEmpty will be used, otherwise it will not.

Below, the optionalString will NOT be set because the string is nil

let optionalString: String? = nil
if optionalString?.isEmpty == true {
     optionalString = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet"
}

Obviously you wouldn't use the above code. The gains come from JSON parsing or other such situations where you either have a value or not. This guarantees code will be run if there is a value.

Answer 9

Check check for only spaces and newlines characters in text

extension String
{
    var  isBlank:Bool {
        return self.stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet(NSCharacterSet.whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet()).isEmpty
    }
}

using

if text.isBlank
{
  //text is blank do smth
}

Answer 10

Swift String (isEmpty vs count)

You should use .isEmpty instead of .count

• .isEmpty Complexity = O(1)

• .count Complexity = O(n)

isEmpty does not use .count under the hood, it compares start and end indexes startIndex == endIndex

Official doc Collection.count

Complexity: O(1) if the collection conforms to RandomAccessCollection; otherwise, O(n), where n is the length of the collection.

Single character can be represented by many combinations of Unicode scalar values(different memory footprint), that is why to calculate count we should iterate all Unicode scalar values

String = alex
String = \u{61}\u{6c}\u{65}\u{78}
[Char] = [a, l, e, x]

Unicode text = alex
Unicode scalar values(UTF-32) = u+00000061u+0000006cu+00000065u+00000078
1 Character == 1 extended grapheme cluster == set of Unicode scalar values

Example

//Char á == extended grapheme cluster of Unicode scalar values \u{E1}
//Char á == extended grapheme cluster of Unicode scalar values \u{61}\u{301}

let a1: String = "\u{E1}" // Unicode text = á, UTF-16 = \u00e1, UTF-32 = u+000000e1
print("count:\(a1.count)") //count:1

// Unicode text = a, UTF-16 = \u0061, UTF-32 = u+00000061
// Unicode text =  ́, UTF-16 = \u0301, UTF-32 = u+00000301
let a2: String = "\u{61}\u{301}" // Unicode text = á, UTF-16 = \u0061\u0301, UTF-32 = u+00000061u+00000301
print("count:\(a2.count)") //count:1

Answer 11

For optional Strings how about:

if let string = string where !string.isEmpty
{
    print(string)
}

Answer 12

if myString?.startIndex != myString?.endIndex {}

Answer 13

I can recommend add small extension to String or Array that looks like

extension Collection {
    public var isNotEmpty: Bool {
        return !self.isEmpty
    }
}

With it you can write code that is easier to read. Compare this two lines

if !someObject.someParam.someSubParam.someString.isEmpty {}

and

if someObject.someParam.someSubParam.someString.isNotEmpty {}

It is easy to miss ! sign in the beginning of fist line.

Answer 14

public extension Swift.Optional {
    
    func nonEmptyValue<T>(fallback: T) -> T {
        
        if let stringValue = self as? String, stringValue.isEmpty {
            return fallback
        }
        
        if let value = self as? T {
            return value
        } else {
            return fallback
        }
    }
}

Answer 15

What about

if let notEmptyString = optionalString where !notEmptyString.isEmpty {
    // do something with emptyString 
    NSLog("Non-empty string is %@", notEmptyString)
} else {
    // empty or nil string
    NSLog("Empty or nil string")
}

Answer 16

You can use this extension:

extension String {

    static func isNilOrEmpty(string: String?) -> Bool {
        guard let value = string else { return true }

        return value.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces).isEmpty
    }

}

and then use it like this:

let isMyStringEmptyOrNil = String.isNilOrEmpty(string: myString)