It takes a few hours. I would say it takes like 4 hours or something like that, based on current experiments.
Firebase says that it can take up to 24h hours, but the docs say that the dashboard updates "a few times every day".
And if you send the Firebase events to BigQuery, they create a new dataset there everyday, but it seems that the "old" events are not sent immediately, maybe that takes a few hours too, don't know yet.
If you want to test other features, or see if Firebase is working for your app, you can force a crash, and see it in the Crash panel, cause this works almost real time.
Or you can send a notification to all users, this should work too, and it is faster than waiting for 4h or more to see if it is working really.
Remember to add the dependencies if you are going to try this:
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crash:9.0.0'
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:9.0.0'