Get the first element of an array

Question

I have an array:

array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' )

I would like to get the first element of this array. Expected result: string apple

One requirement: it cannot be done with passing by reference, so array_shift is not a good solution.

How can I do this?

Answer 1

Original answer, but costly (O(n)):

array_shift(array_values($array));

In O(1):

array_pop(array_reverse($array));

Other use cases, etc...

If modifying (in the sense of resetting array pointers) of $array is not a problem, you might use:

reset($array);

This should be theoretically more efficient, if a array "copy" is needed:

array_shift(array_slice($array, 0, 1));

With PHP 5.4+ (but might cause an index error if empty):

array_values($array)[0];

Answer 2

As Mike pointed out (the easiest possible way):

$arr = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );
echo reset($arr); // Echoes "apple"

If you want to get the key: (execute it after reset)

echo key($arr); // Echoes "4"

From PHP's documentation:

mixed reset ( array | object &$array );

Description:

reset() rewinds array's internal pointer to the first element and returns the value of the first array element, or FALSE if the array is empty.

Answer 3

$first_value = reset($array); // First element's value
$first_key = key($array); // First element's key

Answer 4

current($array)

returns the first element of an array, according to the PHP manual.

Every array has an internal pointer to its "current" element, which is initialized to the first element inserted into the array.

So it works until you have re-positioned the array pointer, and otherwise you'll have to use reset() which ll rewind array and ll return first element of array

According to the PHP manual reset.

reset() rewinds array's internal pointer to the first element and returns the value of the first array element.

Examples of current() and reset()

$array = array('step one', 'step two', 'step three', 'step four');

// by default, the pointer is on the first element
echo current($array) . "<br />\n"; // "step one"

//Forward the array pointer and then reset it

// skip two steps
next($array);
next($array);
echo current($array) . "<br />\n"; // "step three"

// reset pointer, start again on step one
echo reset($array) . "<br />\n"; // "step one"

Answer 5

$arr = $array = array( 9 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );
echo reset($arr); // echoes 'apple'

If you don't want to lose the current pointer position, just create an alias for the array.

Answer 6

PHP 7.3 added two functions for getting the first and the last key of an array directly without modification of the original array and without creating any temporary objects:

• array_key_first
• array_key_last

Apart from being semantically meaningful, these functions don't even move the array pointer (as foreach would do).

Having the keys, one can get the values by the keys directly.

---

Examples (all of them require PHP 7.3+)

Getting the first/last key and value:

$my_array = ['IT', 'rules', 'the', 'world'];

$first_key = array_key_first($my_array);
$first_value = $my_array[$first_key];

$last_key = array_key_last($my_array);
$last_value = $my_array[$last_key];

Getting the first/last value as one-liners, assuming the array cannot be empty:

$first_value = $my_array[ array_key_first($my_array) ];

$last_value = $my_array[ array_key_last($my_array) ];

Getting the first/last value as one-liners, with defaults for empty arrays:

$first_value = empty($my_array) ? 'default' : $my_array[ array_key_first($my_array) ];

$last_value = empty($my_array) ? 'default' : $my_array[ array_key_last($my_array) ];

Answer 7

You can get the Nth element with a language construct, "list":

// First item
list($firstItem) = $yourArray;

// First item from an array that is returned from a function
list($firstItem) = functionThatReturnsArray();

// Second item
list( , $secondItem) = $yourArray;

With the array_keys function you can do the same for keys:

list($firstKey) = array_keys($yourArray);
list(, $secondKey) = array_keys($yourArray);

Answer 8

PHP 5.4+:

array_values($array)[0];

Answer 9

Some arrays don't work with functions like list, reset or current. Maybe they're "faux" arrays - partially implementing ArrayIterator, for example.

If you want to pull the first value regardless of the array, you can short-circuit an iterator:

foreach($array_with_unknown_keys as $value) break;

Your value will then be available in $value and the loop will break after the first iteration. This is more efficient than copying a potentially large array to a function like array_unshift(array_values($arr)).

You can grab the key this way too:

foreach($array_with_unknown_keys as $key=>$value) break;

If you're calling this from a function, simply return early:

function grab_first($arr) {
    foreach($arr as $value) return $value;
}

Answer 10

Suppose:

$array = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );

Just use:

$array[key($array)]

to get first element or

key($array)

to get first key.

Or you can unlink the first if you want to remove it.

Answer 11

From Laravel's helpers:

function head($array)
{
    return reset($array);
}

The array being passed by value to the function, the reset() affects the internal pointer of a copy of the array, and it doesn't touch the original array (note it returns false if the array is empty).

Usage example:

$data = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'];

current($data); // foo
next($data); // bar
head($data); // foo
next($data); // baz

Also, here is an alternative. It's very marginally faster, but more interesting. It lets easily change the default value if the array is empty:

function head($array, $default = null)
{
    foreach ($array as $item) {
        return $item;
    }
    return $default;
}

---

For the record, here is another answer of mine, for the array's last element.

Answer 12

Keep this simple! There are lots of correct answers here, but to minimize all the confusion, these two work and reduce a lot of overhead:

key($array) gets the first key of an array
current($array) gets the first value of an array

EDIT:
Regarding the comments below. The following example will output: string(13) "PHP code test"

$array = array
(
   '1'           => 'PHP code test',  
   'foo'         => 'bar', 5 , 5 => 89009, 
   'case'        => 'Random Stuff: '.rand(100,999),
   'PHP Version' => phpversion(),
   0             => 'ending text here'
);

var_dump(current($array));

Answer 13

Simply do:

array_shift(array_slice($array,0,1));

Answer 14

$arr = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );
foreach($arr as $first) break;
echo $first;

Output:

apple

Answer 15

I would do echo current($array) .

Answer 16

PHP 7.3 added two functions for getting the first and the last key of an array directly without modification of the original array and without creating any temporary objects:

• array_key_first
• array_key_last

"There are several ways to provide this functionality for versions prior to PHP 7.3.0. It is possible to use array_keys(), but that may be rather inefficient. It is also possible to use reset() and key(), but that may change the internal array pointer. An efficient solution, which does not change the internal array pointer, written as polyfill:"

<?php
if (!function_exists('array_key_first')) {
    function array_key_first($arr) {
        foreach($arr as $key => $unused) {
            return $key;
        }
        return NULL;
    }
}

if (!function_exists('array_key_last')) {
    function array_key_last($arr) {
        return array_key_first(array_reverse($arr, true));
    }
}
?>

Answer 17

$myArray = array (4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum');
$arrayKeys = array_keys($myArray);

// The first element of your array is:
echo $myArray[$arrayKeys[0]];

Answer 18

$array=array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );

$firstValue = each($array)[1];

This is much more efficient than array_values() because the each() function does not copy the entire array.

For more info see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.each.php

Answer 19

A kludgy way is:

$foo = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );

function get_first ($foo) {
    foreach ($foo as $k=>$v){
        return $v;
    }
}

print get_first($foo);

Answer 20

Most of these work! BUT for a quick single line (low resource) call:

$array = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );
echo $array[key($array)];

// key($array) -> will return the first key (which is 4 in this example)

Although this works, and decently well, please also see my additional answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/48410351/1804013

Answer 21

Use:

$first = array_slice($array, 0, 1);  
$val= $first[0];

By default, array_slice does not preserve keys, so we can safely use zero as the index.

Answer 22

This is a little late to the game, but I was presented with a problem where my array contained array elements as children inside it, and thus I couldn't just get a string representation of the first array element. By using PHP's current() function, I managed this:

<?php
    $original = array(4 => array('one', 'two'), 7 => array('three', 'four'));
    reset($original);  // to reset the internal array pointer...
    $first_element = current($original);  // get the current element...
?>

Thanks to all the current solutions helped me get to this answer, I hope this helps someone sometime!

Answer 23

I think using array_values would be your best bet here. You could return the value at index zero from the result of that function to get 'apple'.

Answer 24

<?php
    $arr = array(3 => "Apple", 5 => "Ball", 11 => "Cat");
    echo array_values($arr)[0]; // Outputs: Apple
?>

Other Example:

<?php
    $arr = array(3 => "Apple", 5 => "Ball", 11 => "Cat");
    echo current($arr); // Outputs: Apple
    echo reset($arr); // Outputs: Apple
    echo next($arr); // Outputs: Ball
    echo current($arr); // Outputs: Ball
    echo reset($arr); // Outputs: Apple
?>

Answer 25

Two solutions for you.

Solution 1 - Just use the key. You have not said that you can not use it. :)

<?php
    // Get the first element of this array.
    $array = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );

    // Gets the first element by key
    $result = $array[4];

    // Expected result: string apple
    assert('$result === "apple" /* Expected result: string apple. */');
?>

Solution 2 - array_flip() + key()

<?php
    // Get first element of this array. Expected result: string apple
    $array = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );

    // Turn values to keys
    $array = array_flip($array);

    // You might thrown a reset in just to make sure
    // that the array pointer is at the first element.
    // Also, reset returns the first element.
    // reset($myArray);

    // Return the first key
    $firstKey = key($array);

    assert('$firstKey === "apple" /* Expected result: string apple. */');
?>

Solution 3 - array_keys()

echo $array[array_keys($array)[0]];

Answer 26

I imagine the author just was looking for a way to get the first element of an array after getting it from some function (mysql_fetch_row, for example) without generating a STRICT "Only variables should be passed by reference".

If it so, almost all the ways described here will get this message... and some of them uses a lot of additional memory duplicating an array (or some part of it). An easy way to avoid it is just assigning the value inline before calling any of those functions:

$first_item_of_array = current($tmp_arr = mysql_fetch_row(...));
// or
$first_item_of_array = reset($tmp_arr = func_get_my_huge_array());

This way you don't get the STRICT message on screen, nor in logs, and you don't create any additional arrays. It works with both indexed AND associative arrays.

Answer 27

No one has suggested using the ArrayIterator class:

$array = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );
$first_element = (new ArrayIterator($array))->current();
echo $first_element; //'apple'

gets around the by reference stipulation of the OP.

Answer 28

This is not so simple response in the real world. Suppose that we have these examples of possible responses that you can find in some libraries.

$array1 = array();
$array2 = array(1,2,3,4);
$array3 = array('hello'=>'world', 'foo'=>'bar');
$array4 = null;

var_dump('reset1', reset($array1));
var_dump('reset2', reset($array2));
var_dump('reset3', reset($array3));
var_dump('reset4', reset($array4)); // Warning

var_dump('array_shift1', array_shift($array1));
var_dump('array_shift2', array_shift($array2));
var_dump('array_shift3', array_shift($array3));
var_dump('array_shift4', array_shift($array4)); // Warning

var_dump('each1', each($array1));
var_dump('each2', each($array2));
var_dump('each3', each($array3));
var_dump('each4', each($array4)); // Warning

var_dump('array_values1', array_values($array1)[0]); // Notice
var_dump('array_values2', array_values($array2)[0]);
var_dump('array_values3', array_values($array3)[0]);
var_dump('array_values4', array_values($array4)[0]); // Warning

var_dump('array_slice1', array_slice($array1, 0, 1));
var_dump('array_slice2', array_slice($array2, 0, 1));
var_dump('array_slice3', array_slice($array3, 0, 1));
var_dump('array_slice4', array_slice($array4, 0, 1)); // Warning

list($elm) = $array1; // Notice
var_dump($elm);
list($elm) = $array2;
var_dump($elm);
list($elm) = $array3; // Notice
var_dump($elm);
list($elm) = $array4;
var_dump($elm);

Like you can see, we have several 'one line' solutions that work well in some cases, but not in all.

In my opinion, you have should that handler only with arrays.

Now talking about performance, assuming that we have always array, like this:

$elm = empty($array) ? null : ...($array);

...you would use without errors:
$array[count($array)-1];
array_shift
reset
array_values
array_slice

array_shift is faster than reset, that is more fast than [count()-1], and these three are faster than array_values and array_slice.

Answer 29

Use array_keys() to access the keys of your associative array as a numerical indexed array, which is then again can be used as key for the array.

When the solution is arr[0]:

(Note, that since the array with the keys is 0-based index, the 1st element is index 0)

You can use a variable and then subtract one, to get your logic, that 1 => 'apple'.

$i = 1;
$arr = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );
echo $arr[array_keys($arr)[$i-1]];

Output:

apple

Well, for simplicity- just use:

$arr = array( 4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum' );
echo $arr[array_keys($arr)[0]];

Output:

apple

By the first method not just the first element, but can treat an associative array like an indexed array.

Answer 30

I don't like fiddling with the array's internal pointer, but it's also inefficient to build a second array with array_keys() or array_values(), so I usually define this:

function array_first(array $f) {
    foreach ($f as $v) {
        return $v;
    }
    throw new Exception('array was empty');
}

Answer 31

You can get the first element by using this coding:

$array_key_set = array_keys($array);
$first_element = $array[$array_key_set[0]];

Or use:

$i=0;
foreach($array as $arr)
{
  if($i==0)
  {
    $first_element=$arr;
    break;
  }
 $i++;
}
echo $first_element;

Answer 32

One line closure, copy, reset:

<?php

$fruits = array(4 => 'apple', 7 => 'orange', 13 => 'plum');

echo (function() use ($fruits) { return reset($fruits); })();

Output:

apple

Alternatively the shorter short arrow function:

echo (fn() => reset($fruits))();

This uses by-value variable binding as above. Both will not mutate the original pointer.

Answer 33

I like the "list" example, but "list" only works on the left-hand-side of an assignment. If we don't want to assign a variable, we would be forced to make up a temporary name, which at best pollutes our scope and at worst overwrites an existing value:

list($x) = some_array();
var_dump($x);

The above will overwrite any existing value of $x, and the $x variable will hang around as long as this scope is active (the end of this function/method, or forever if we're in the top-level). This can be worked around using call_user_func and an anonymous function, but it's clunky:

var_dump(call_user_func(function($arr) { list($x) = $arr; return $x; },
                        some_array()));

If we use anonymous functions like this, we can actually get away with reset and array_shift, even though they use pass-by-reference. This is because calling a function will bind its arguments, and these arguments can be passed by reference:

var_dump(call_user_func(function($arr) { return reset($arr); },
                        array_values(some_array())));

However, this is actually overkill, since call_user_func will perform this temporary assignment internally. This lets us treat pass-by-reference functions as if they were pass-by-value, without any warnings or errors:

var_dump(call_user_func('reset', array_values(some_array())));

Answer 34

Also worth bearing in mind is the context in which you're doing this, as an exhaustive check can be expensive and not always necessary.

For example, this solution works fine for the situation in which I'm using it (but obviously it can't be relied on in all cases...)

 /**
 * A quick and dirty way to determine whether the passed in array is associative or not, assuming that either:<br/>
 * <br/>
 * 1) All the keys are strings - i.e. associative<br/>
 * or<br/>
 * 2) All the keys are numeric - i.e. not associative<br/>
 *
 * @param array $objects
 * @return boolean
 */
private function isAssociativeArray(array $objects)
{
    // This isn't true in the general case, but it's a close enough (and quick) approximation for the context in
    // which we're using it.

    reset($objects);
    return count($objects) > 0 && is_string(key($objects));
}

Answer 35

Nice one with a combination of array_slice and implode:

$arr = array(1, 2, 3);
echo implode(array_slice($arr, 0, 1));
// Outputs 1

/*---------------------------------*/

$arr = array(
    'key_1' => 'One',
    'key_2' => 'Two',
    'key_3' => 'Three',
);
echo implode(array_slice($arr, 0, 1));
// Outputs One

Answer 36

A small change to what Sarfraz posted is:

$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$output = array_slice($array, 0, 1);
print_r ($output);

Answer 37

There are too many answers here, and the selected answer will work for most of the cases.

In my case, I had a 2D array, and array_values for some odd reason was removing the keys on the inner arrays. So I end up with this:

$keys = array_keys($myArray); // Fetches all the keys
$firstElement = $myArray[$keys[0]]; // Get the first element using first key

Answer 38

If you are using Laravel you can do:

$array = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
$first = collect($array)->first();

Answer 39

Finding the first and last items in an array:

// Get the first item in the array
print $array[0]; // Prints 1

// Get the last item in the array
print end($array);