Using setTimeout on promise chain

Question

Here i am trying to wrap my head around promises.Here on first request i fetch a set of links.and on next request i fetch the content of first link.But i want to make a delay before returning next promise object.So i use setTimeout on it. But it gives me the following JSON error (without setTimeout() it works just fine)

SyntaxError: JSON.parse: unexpected character at line 1 column 1 of the JSON data

i would like to know why it fails?

let globalObj={};
function getLinks(url){
    return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){
       
       let http = new XMLHttpRequest();
       http.onreadystatechange = function(){
            if(http.readyState == 4){
              if(http.status == 200){
                resolve(http.response);
              }else{
                reject(new Error());
              }
            }           
       }
       http.open("GET",url,true);
       http.send();
    });
}

getLinks('links.txt').then(function(links){
    let all_links = (JSON.parse(links));
    globalObj=all_links;

    return getLinks(globalObj["one"]+".txt");

}).then(function(topic){
    
    
    writeToBody(topic);
    setTimeout(function(){
         return getLinks(globalObj["two"]+".txt"); // without setTimeout it works fine 
         },1000);
});

Answer 1

To keep the promise chain going, you can't use setTimeout() the way you did because you aren't returning a promise from the .then() handler - you're returning it from the setTimeout() callback which does you no good.

Instead, you can make a simple little delay function like this:

function delay(t, val) {
    return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, t, val));
}

And, then use it like this:

getLinks('links.txt').then(function(links){
    let all_links = (JSON.parse(links));
    globalObj=all_links;

    return getLinks(globalObj["one"]+".txt");

}).then(function(topic){
    writeToBody(topic);
    // return a promise here that will be chained to prior promise
    return delay(1000).then(function() {
        return getLinks(globalObj["two"]+".txt");
    });
});

Here you're returning a promise from the .then() handler and thus it is chained appropriately.

---

You can also add a delay method to the Promise object and then directly use a .delay(x) method on your promises like this:

function delay(t, val) {
    return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, t, val));
}

Promise.prototype.delay = function(t) {
    return this.then(function(val) {
        return delay(t, val);
    });
}


Promise.resolve("hello").delay(500).then(function(val) {
    console.log(val);
});

Answer 2

.then(() => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 15000)))

UPDATE:

when I need sleep in async function I throw in

await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000))

Answer 3

The shorter ES6 version of the answer:

const delay = t => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, t));

And then you can do:

delay(3000).then(() => console.log('Hello'));

Answer 4

If you are inside a .then() block and you want to execute a settimeout()

            .then(() => {
                console.log('wait for 10 seconds . . . . ');
                return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 
                    setTimeout(() => {
                        console.log('10 seconds Timer expired!!!');
                        resolve();
                    }, 10000)
                });
            })
            .then(() => {
                console.log('promise resolved!!!');

            })

output will as shown below

wait for 10 seconds . . . .
10 seconds Timer expired!!!
promise resolved!!!

Happy Coding!

Answer 5

Since node v15, you can use timers promise API

example from the doc:

import { setTimeout } from 'timers/promises'

const res = await setTimeout(100, 'result')

console.log(res)  // Prints 'result'

Answer 6

In node.js you can also do the following:

const { promisify } = require('util')
const delay = promisify(setTimeout)

delay(1000).then(() => console.log('hello'))

Answer 7

For the current LTS its easier and we can use async/await to handle timeouts. Please note that this is the recommended way to use timeout nowadays.

Thenables is not the recommended way.

const { promisify } = require('util')
const sleep = promisify(setTimeout)
async function myFunction() {
  await sleep(1e3)
  console.log('This will be seen after 1 sec')
  await sleep(5e3)
  console.log('This will be seen after 5 sec after')
}

Answer 8

const myStuff = new Promise(function (resolve) {
  console.log("before timeout");
  setTimeout(
    function (x) {
      console.log("inside the timeout");
      resolve(x);
    },
    3000,
    "after timeout"
  );
}).then((response) => console.log(response));