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Im trying to install an open source rails 3.2.21 application that uses the mysql2 gem, but when i try and run the bundle commant I get the following error:

Fetching: mysql2-0.3.18.gem (100%)
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
p
ERROR:  Error installing mysql2:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /Users/my_username/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.2/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150614-72129-orqsb7.rb extconf.rb
checking for ruby/thread.h... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl() in ruby/thread.h... yes
checking for rb_thread_blocking_region()... yes
checking for rb_wait_for_single_fd()... yes
checking for rb_hash_dup()... yes
checking for rb_intern3()... yes
-----
Using mysql_config at /usr/local/bin/mysql_config
-----
checking for mysql.h... yes
checking for errmsg.h... yes
checking for mysqld_error.h... yes
-----
Don't know how to set rpath on your system, if MySQL libraries are not in path mysql2 may not load
-----
-----
Setting libpath to /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.25/lib
-----
creating Makefile

make "DESTDIR=" clean

make "DESTDIR="
compiling client.c
compiling infile.c
compiling mysql2_ext.c
compiling result.c
linking shared-object mysql2/mysql2.bundle
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/Users/travis/.sm/pkg/active/lib'
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [mysql2.bundle] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/my_username/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.18 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/my_username/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/extensions/x86

I tried uninstalling every version of mysql I installed via homebrew and reinstalling them, like so:

brew uninstall --force mysql && brew install mysql

Then running:

sudo gem install mysql2

As suggested by a number of similar questions asked on here, but it still results in the same error as above.

Please could someone offer guidance on how to get this up and running?

Hichem BOUSSETTA
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zenvelope
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  • try to run "brew doctor" and check if there are any errors. If so, follow the instructions and try again. – K.M. Jun 14 '15 at 20:59
  • Have you installed gem's dependencies? https://github.com/brianmario/mysql2#general-instructions – lcguida Jun 14 '15 at 20:59
  • @ValAsensio, I heartily disagree with you there, I think you should always try to use your production db in development, if possible. I never use sqlite in development, nor does anyone I work with. – niels Oct 11 '16 at 09:33
  • @niels. Yes. I agree with this"I think you should always try to use your production db in development, " This ancient comment of mine was useless. I deleted it. – Elvn Oct 11 '16 at 16:07

18 Answers18

178

For anybody still experiencing the issue:

When you install openssl via brew, you should get the following message:

Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries

Generally there are no consequences of this for you. If you build your own software and it requires this formula, you'll need to add to your build variables:

LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig

You can set these build flags (for the local application) by running the following:

bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib --with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

This worked for me.

See bundler's documentation for more information.

Alessandro Berardi
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    If you just want to use `gem install`, the following works: `gem install mysql2 -v '0.3.21' -- --with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib --with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include` – niels Oct 11 '16 at 09:37
  • ^^^ @niels that should be the answer... Alessandro's does not work on Sierra ("Warning: Refusing to link: open ssl..." --> something to do with the deprecated system of openssl) – the12 Dec 19 '16 at 20:00
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    @the12 niels's solution is for ``gem install``, mine is for ``bundle install``. What issue are you experiencing exactly, can you post the error? The solution I posted still works for me. – Alessandro Berardi Dec 20 '16 at 21:43
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    I started from trying to `bundle install` for a repo that depends on mysql. @AlessandroBerardi's solution did not work for me; @niels' did. :/ – vergenzt Jan 30 '17 at 18:07
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    The bundle config command didn't work for me (although it has in the past). The 'gem install' command of niels did work (hours later). The bundle config command failed because it looks like it passed --with-ldflags and --with-cppflags as arguments to clang producing clang: error: unsupported option '--with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include' – jpayne Jan 06 '19 at 21:59
  • @the12 niels' comment is already an answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/55186244/5025116 – Sebastián Palma Apr 27 '19 at 19:20
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    --with-cppflags appears to break on latest OSX. I believe it can be omitted.`bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"` – Xavier Shay Aug 02 '19 at 09:08
  • Thanks! Really helpful – Naga Hemanth Aug 17 '20 at 14:37
  • Yes just use the bundle config without the cppflags option and it works on big sir see xavier Shay's comment above – devjme Jul 28 '21 at 17:51
78

The error log says:

ld: library not found for -lssl

So, you need to install libssl:

brew install openssl

As it was pointed out in comments, there might be a need to export the path to the library.

export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/
Aleksei Matiushkin
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    That was not enough, One need to export it afterward like this: `export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/` – Gilg Him Jul 21 '19 at 11:38
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    export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/` Works for me after a long try. Thx!! – Abhi Feb 18 '20 at 10:43
  • Why does Ruby suffer from this problem so much worse than any other ecosystems? Why do Gem developers not put effort into making good install processes? – Andy Ray Jan 06 '22 at 05:24
  • @AndyRay This is absolutely not ruby to blame, but MacOS. This OS has never been suitable for development. – Aleksei Matiushkin Jan 06 '22 at 08:06
47

Try this:

gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.2' -- --with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib --with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include

(Update version as appropriate)

Matthias Winkelmann
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stereodenis
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    Given that the SSL library was not found this is the correct approach and worked fine for me. – TehJabbit Apr 27 '19 at 14:32
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    First install `brew install openssl` then `gem install mysql2 -v '0.4.10' -- --with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib --with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include ` worked for me, Thanks! – Touseef Murtaza Jul 11 '19 at 14:33
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    @TouseefMurtaza your answer worked for me - thank you! – Jared Sep 14 '19 at 17:03
36

The solution for me was to install the Xcode Command Line Tools.

I had recently updated Xcode through the Mac App Store, and every time I do that, I've found that I have to reinstall the Command Line Tools again.

xcode-select --install
Allen
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33

Based on the solution here

brew install openssl

export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/

solved the problem.

Gilg Him
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18

After Homebrew update (openssl@1.1) there is a new path for libs, so may use:

bundle config build.mysql2 --with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl)
bundle install

It will fix ld: library not found for -lssl error

Alexey Morozov
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11

Thanks @mudasobwa for pointing me in the right direction. It turns out the error was caused by an unlinked openssl file, so running:

brew reinstall openssl && brew link openssl --force

Solved the problem. I found the solution here: OpenSSL, RVM, Brew, conflicting error

Community
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zenvelope
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10

On MacBook air M1(macOS) it worked for me.

Install zstd

brew install zstd

Install mysql2

gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' -- --with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/lib

Bhupendra singh negi
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sudo installer -pkg /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg -target /

From here: https://gorails.com/setup/osx/10.14-mojave

Duke
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k1r8r0wn
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2

The combination of commands solved it me. I am on Mojave.

brew reinstall openssl && brew link openssl --force

and then 

gem install mysql2 -v '0.4.10' -- \
  --with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib \
  --with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
Aleksei Matiushkin
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Haseeb Zulfiqar
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2

Steps for me on Monterey M1 Mac

brew install openssl@3

brew install zstd

gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' -- --with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/lib

bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/lib"

bundle install
Paul Trott
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  • That third line to install `mysql2` generates this error on an M1 Mac w/ Monterey: `linking shared-object mysql2/mysql2.bundle ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/lib' ld: library not found for -lzstd clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation) make: *** [mysql2.bundle] Error 1 make failed, exit code 2 Gem files will remain installed in /Users/u/.gem/ruby/2.6.5/gems/mysql2-0.5.3 for inspection. Results logged to /Users/u/.gem/ruby/2.6.5/extensions/-darwin-21/2.6.0-static/mysql2-0.5.3/gem_make.out` – brentonstrine Jan 14 '22 at 02:36
  • wonderful its work on Mac M1 chip.. – rakesh kumar Apr 27 '22 at 17:02
2

This finally worked for me on macOS Monterey 12.3 (M1 Pro):

 gem install mysql2 -- --with-mysql-dir=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.28_1

Make sure you read the installation instructions. Notable points for me were:

  • Make sure MySQL is installed (brew install mysql)
  • Make sure XCode select tools are installed (xcode-select --install)
  • Set the with-mysql-dir option to wherever mysql was installed (check with brew info mysql)
Sajad Torkamani
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1

Seems that you miss the main files needed to build mysql2 gem

sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev libmysqlclient-dev -y

libsqlite3-dev is not mandatory but install it since it's the default rails DB.

Emad Saeed
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Mac Catalina using Homebrew fix: gem install mysql2 -- --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix openssl)"

Daniel Cintra
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1

the following command works for my Mac os 12.1 MacOs Monterey

 gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' -- \
 --with-mysql-lib=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.28/lib \
 --with-mysql-dir=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.28 \
 --with-mysql-config=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.28/bin/mysql_config \
 --with-mysql-include=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.28/include

Please refer this link for more details https://github.com/brianmario/mysql2/issues/1175

icn
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0

I've been coding with mysql2 gem for years and have encountered with this issue time to time.

Today I found that this magic option -- --with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib --with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include no longer worked on my Mac. Indeed, it looks like the default location where brew installs openssl has changed:

$ brew reinstall openssl

...

If you need to have openssl@3 first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find openssl@3 you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/include"

So following the message, I had to make a few changes to the command and got it work finally:

$ gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' -- --with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib --with-cppflags=-I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/include

Hope this will help someone!

jakephot
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This helped me on MacOs 12.6 (Monterey)

brew install mysql openssl
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' \
  --source 'https://rubygems.org/' -- \
  --with-cppflags=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include \
  --with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib

bundle install

Thanks https://github.com/brianmario/mysql2/issues/1175#issuecomment-1069721834

Ivan Skotsyk
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-1

I found that I had to use --with-opt-dir=/usr/local/opt.

Specifically, I added the following to my ~/.bundle/config file:

BUNDLE_BUILD__MYSQL2: "--with-opt-dir=/usr/local/opt"
Brian J. Fox
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