I was trying to create the same concept, but needed a way to define placeholders. I started experimenting in Plnkr.co and thus far, I resorted to using a LayoutManager that drives itself from settings within the routeProvider object.
Here is an example: http://embed.plnkr.co/4GPDfTSQCuqukJE7AniZ/
You'll see an example of how multiple routes use the same header and footer, I did not include an example with a sidebar.
Let me explain the LayoutManager.
I wanted to have placeholders that could be overridden. In this example, I have a toolbar that contains a title and provides a space to the right of the title for additional toolbar items. This gives views an opportunity to throw in additional functionality.
All of this is driven by the LayoutManager. The LayoutManager is a service that reads layout properties set on the $routeProvider. I wanted to implement this in a way keep things clean and self contained, per route. The LayoutManager is injected into the toolbar directive. The toolbar directive drives it's scope properties of the LayoutManager.
In turn, the LayoutManager has a dependency on the routeProvider as well as the rootScope $routeChange event.
I'm very new to Angular, open to suggestions.