ASP.NET Core JWT Bearer Token Custom Validation

Question

After a lot of reading, I have found a way to implement a custom JWT bearer token validator as below.

Starup.cs:

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, 
         ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IApplicationLifetime appLifetime)
{
    loggerFactory.AddConsole(Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
    loggerFactory.AddDebug();
        
    app.UseStaticFiles();
        
    app.UseIdentity();

    ConfigureAuth(app);
        
    app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();            
}

private void ConfigureAuth(IApplicationBuilder app)
{

    var signingKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Configuration.GetSection("TokenAuthentication:SecretKey").Value));


    var tokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
    {
        // The signing key must match!
        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
        IssuerSigningKey = signingKey,
        // Validate the JWT Issuer (iss) claim
        ValidateIssuer = true,
        ValidIssuer = Configuration.GetSection("TokenAuthentication:Issuer").Value,
        // Validate the JWT Audience (aud) claim
        ValidateAudience = true,
        ValidAudience = Configuration.GetSection("TokenAuthentication:Audience").Value,
        // Validate the token expiry
        ValidateLifetime = true,
        // If you want to allow a certain amount of clock drift, set that here:
        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero
    };

    var jwtBearerOptions = new JwtBearerOptions();
    jwtBearerOptions.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
    jwtBearerOptions.AutomaticChallenge = true;
    jwtBearerOptions.TokenValidationParameters = tokenValidationParameters;
    jwtBearerOptions.SecurityTokenValidators.Clear();
    //below line adds the custom validator class
    jwtBearerOptions.SecurityTokenValidators.Add(new CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler());
    app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(jwtBearerOptions);
    
    var tokenProviderOptions = new TokenProviderOptions
    {
        Path = Configuration.GetSection("TokenAuthentication:TokenPath").Value,
        Audience = Configuration.GetSection("TokenAuthentication:Audience").Value,
        Issuer = Configuration.GetSection("TokenAuthentication:Issuer").Value,
        SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(signingKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256)
    };

    app.UseMiddleware<TokenProviderMiddleware>(Options.Create(tokenProviderOptions));
}

Custom validator class:

public class CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler : ISecurityTokenValidator
{
    private int _maxTokenSizeInBytes = TokenValidationParameters.DefaultMaximumTokenSizeInBytes;
    private JwtSecurityTokenHandler _tokenHandler;

    public CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler()
    {
        _tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
    }
    
    public bool CanValidateToken
    {
        get
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

    public int MaximumTokenSizeInBytes
    {
        get
        {
            return _maxTokenSizeInBytes;
        }

        set
        {
            _maxTokenSizeInBytes = value;
        }
    }

    public bool CanReadToken(string securityToken)
    {
        return _tokenHandler.CanReadToken(securityToken);            
    }

    public ClaimsPrincipal ValidateToken(string securityToken, TokenValidationParameters validationParameters, out SecurityToken validatedToken)
    {
        //How to access HttpContext/IP address from here?

        var principal = _tokenHandler.ValidateToken(securityToken, validationParameters, out validatedToken);

        return principal;
    }
}

In case of stolen token, I would like to add an additional layer of security to validate that the request is coming from the same client who generated the token.

Questions:

1. Is there any way I can access HttpContext within the CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler class so that I could add custom validations based on the current client/requestor?
2. Is there any other way we can validate the authenticity of the requestor using such method/middleware?

Answer 1

In ASP.NET Core, HttpContext could be obtained using IHttpContextAccessor service. Use DI to pass IHttpContextAccessor instance into your handler and get value of IHttpContextAccessor.HttpContext property.

IHttpContextAccessor service is not registered by default, so you first need to add the following in your Startup.ConfigureServices method:

services.TryAddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();

then modify your CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler class:

private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;

public CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
{
    _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
    _tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
}

... 

public ClaimsPrincipal ValidateToken(string securityToken, TokenValidationParameters validationParameters, out SecurityToken validatedToken)
{
    var httpContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
}

---

You should also use DI technique for JwtSecurityTokenHandler instantiation. Look into Dependency Injection documentation if you are new to all this stuff.

---

Update: how to manually resolve dependencies (more info here)

modify Configure method to use IServiceProvider serviceProvider:

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, 
         ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IApplicationLifetime appLifetime,
         IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
    ...
    var httpContextAccessor = serviceProvider.GetService<IHttpContextAccessor>();
    // and extend ConfigureAuth
    ConfigureAuth(app, httpContextAccessor);
    ...
}

Answer 2

Just to complement another solution and without injection into ISecurityTokenValidator, could be like

In your ISecurityTokenValidator Implementation (CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler in this case)

public class CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler : ISecurityTokenValidator {
   ...

   //Set IHttpContextAccessor as public property to set later in Starup class
   public IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor { get; set; };

   //Remove injection of httpContextAccessor;
   public CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler()
   {
   _tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
   }

   ...

And in Startup class configure property "CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler" as global member

public readonly CustomJwtSecurityTokenHandler customJwtSecurityTokenHandler = new()

In ConfigureServices method of Startup class add the global customJwtSecurityTokenHandler.

 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
 {

      ...

      services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
           .AddJwtBearer(
                o =>
                {
                    ...
                    //Add the global ISercurityTokenValidator implementation
                    o.SecurityTokenValidators.Add(this.customJwtSecurityTokenHandler );
                }
            );

      ...
} 

Then in Configure method of Startup class pass IHttpContextAccessor instance to property of the global customJwtSecurityTokenHandler (ISecurityTokenValidator)

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, 
         ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IApplicationLifetime appLifetime,
         IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
    ...
    var httpContextAccessor = serviceProvider.GetService<IHttpContextAccessor>();
    //And add to property, and not by constructor
    customJwtSecurityTokenHandler.httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
    ...
}

In my case I've configured SecurityTokenValidator in ConfigureService so In this time there is not exist any instace of IServiceProvider, then in Configure method you can use IServiceProvider to get IHttpContextAccessor

Answer 3

For custom JWT validator, I created a JWTCosumerProvider class inhert to IOAuthBearerAuthenticationProvider. And implement the ValidateIdentity() method to check the identity Claim which i stored the client IP address at first place，then compare to current request Id address after.

public Task ValidateIdentity(OAuthValidateIdentityContext context)
    {

        var requestIPAddress = context.Ticket.Identity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.Dns)?.Value;

        if (requestIPAddress == null)
            context.SetError("Token Invalid", "The IP Address not right");

        string clientAddress = JWTHelper.GetClientIPAddress();
        if (!requestIPAddress.Equals(clientAddress))
            context.SetError("Token Invalid", "The IP Address not right");


        return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
    }

JWTHelper.GetClientIPAddress()

internal static string GetClientIPAddress()
    {
        System.Web.HttpContext context = System.Web.HttpContext.Current;
        string ipAddress = context.Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];

        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ipAddress))
        {
            string[] addresses = ipAddress.Split(',');
            if (addresses.Length != 0)
            {
                return addresses[0];
            }
        }

        return context.Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_ADDR"];
    }

hope this help!