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When I publish my ASP.NET Core web application to my local file system, it always takes the production-config and the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT variable with the value = "Production".

How and where do I have to set the value of the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT variable so that it will be considered not only for debugging, but also for the publishing? I already tried the following options without success:

  • in windows settings
  • in file .pubxml file
  • in file launchSettings.json
  • in file project.json
Peter Mortensen
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dario
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    Do you read official docs https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/environments or this tutorial http://andrewlock.net/how-to-set-the-hosting-environment-in-asp-net-core/? – J. Doe Jan 09 '17 at 14:25
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    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37668760/setting-environment-when-publishing-an-mvc-6-web-app – MindingData Jan 09 '17 at 19:59
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    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43493259/asp-net-core-publish-error-an-error-occurred-while-starting-the-application/54569526#54569526 this has 2 options to check real error. – Kurkula Feb 07 '19 at 08:56
  • if you dont want to get bothered on modifying launchSettings.json often, follow the answer 9 of this link: https://www.anycodings.com/1questions/45494/automatically-set-appsettingsjson-for-dev-and-release-environments-in-aspnet-core – aj go Sep 21 '22 at 09:10

21 Answers21

203

Other than the options mentioned above, there are a couple of other solutions.

1. Command line options using dotnet publish

Additionally, we can pass the property EnvironmentName as a command-line option to the dotnet publish command. The following command includes the environment variable as Development in the web.config file.

dotnet publish -c Debug -r win-x64 /p:EnvironmentName=Development

2. Modifying the project file (.CsProj) file

MSBuild supports the EnvironmentName property which can help to set the right environment variable as per the environment you wish to deploy. The environment name would be added in the web.config during the publish phase.

Simply open the project file (*.csProj) and add the following XML.

<!-- Custom property group added to add the environment name during publish

     The EnvironmentName property is used during the publish
     for the environment variable in web.config
-->
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' Or '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">
  <EnvironmentName>Development</EnvironmentName>
</PropertyGroup>

<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' != '' AND '$(Configuration)' != 'Debug' ">
  <EnvironmentName>Production</EnvironmentName>
</PropertyGroup>

The above code would add the environment name as Development for a debug configuration or if no configuration is specified. For any other configuration, the environment name would be Production in the generated web.config file. More details are here.

3. Adding the EnvironmentName property in the publish profiles.

We can add the <EnvironmentName> property in the publish profile as well. Open the publish profile file which is located at Properties/PublishProfiles/{profilename.pubxml}. This will set the environment name in web.config when the project is published. More details are here.

<PropertyGroup>
  <EnvironmentName>Development</EnvironmentName>
</PropertyGroup>
Abhinav Galodha
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    This seems like the best answer as far as I can tell. The ability to set it per publish profile really helped me a lot. – Jonathan Quinth May 19 '19 at 11:22
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    The third option works for me. Do you know if /p:EnvironmentName option mention anywhere in dotnet documentation? – rasyadi Jul 04 '19 at 04:44
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    `dotnet publish -c Debug -r win-x64 /p:EnvironmentName=Development` is exactly what I was looking for. Thanks! – Matt M Aug 07 '19 at 15:37
  • If your environment does not reload when you publish, reload the project. – cpoDesign Oct 02 '20 at 15:30
  • I like the idea of doing it via `dotnet publish` above but that just adds it to the web.config file which apparently my aspnet core 3.1 app isn't reading by default. – Cole W Oct 08 '21 at 15:52
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    A Lil a bit more on that: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/host-and-deploy/iis/transform-webconfig?view=aspnetcore-6.0#environment – basquiatraphaeu Mar 23 '22 at 14:59
  • not working using csproj – aj go Sep 21 '22 at 07:27
  • One issue to be aware of with the 3rd option is if you right click the web.config and hit "Publish web.config" it doesn't use the settings from the publish.pubxml file and thus will ignore the environment variable change. – Garrett Banuk Jan 12 '23 at 15:25
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    This answer represents what should be the default .csproj template. This is not easy information to find. Thank you for such an excellent answer, @Abhinav! – Charles Burns May 26 '23 at 15:32
116

Option1:

To set the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT environment variable in Windows:

  • Command line - setx ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT "Development"

  • PowerShell - $Env:ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT = "Development"

For other OSes, refer to Use multiple environments in ASP.NET Core

Option 2:

If you want to set ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT using web.config then add aspNetCore like this -

<configuration>
  <!--
    Configure your application settings in appsettings.json. Learn more at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=786380
  -->
  <system.webServer>
    <handlers>
      <add name="aspNetCore" path="*" verb="*" modules="AspNetCoreModule" resourceType="Unspecified" />
    </handlers>
    <aspNetCore processPath=".\MyApplication.exe" arguments="" stdoutLogEnabled="false" stdoutLogFile=".\logs\stdout" forwardWindowsAuthToken="false">
      <environmentVariables>
        <environmentVariable name="ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT" value="Development" />
      </environmentVariables>
    </aspNetCore>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>
Peter Mortensen
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Sanket
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    Both of these are terrible options. 1) sets this for the entire OS, I'd like it per site in IIS. 2) AspNet Core does not support web.config transforms. How do you suggest web.config gets modified for deployment? – Kugel May 01 '17 at 01:43
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    Refer official documentation here - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/hosting/aspnet-core-module – Sanket May 01 '17 at 04:00
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    Once you came across better option... please do share here :) – Sanket May 01 '17 at 07:43
  • goes straight to my local wiki – kfn Nov 24 '17 at 13:24
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    The idea of ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT is that you can use docker and have only one docker running one IIS. And the other one I think that ASP net core if you use Web.Config you should do it manualy the transformation. – Augusto Dec 14 '17 at 15:22
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    these kind of configuration design seems very messy. – koo9 Jan 23 '18 at 17:20
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    You can override this in the publish profiles for multiple environments. – cederlof Jan 29 '19 at 13:27
  • option 2 is for when your app is already deployed, it works fine – WtFudgE Jun 08 '20 at 02:58
  • Thank you, I really like option 2. It allows me to change my environment in my VS project and publish it to IIS. This is the most efficient way for me right now because I don't have to set the variable for the entire machine like option 1, it's done per-application level. – zAnthony Apr 26 '21 at 16:57
42

A simple way to set it in the Visual Studio IDE.

Menu ProjectPropertiesDebugEnvironment variables

Enter image description here

Peter Mortensen
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Rahul Uttarkar
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32

This is how we can set it at run time:

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT", "Development");

        BuildWebHost(args).Run();
    }

    public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
        WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .UseStartup<Startup>()
            .Build();
}
Peter Mortensen
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Mightywill
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31
  1. Create your appsettings.*.json files. (Examples: appsettings.Development.json, appsettings.Staging.json, and appsettings.Production.json)

  2. Add your variables to those files.

  3. Create a separate publish profile for each environment, like you normally would.

  4. Open the PublishProfiles/Development.pubxml file (naming will be based on what you named the Publish Profile).

  5. Simply add a tag to the PublishProfile to set the EnvironmentName variable, and the appsettings.*.json file naming convention does the rest.

    <PropertyGroup>
        <EnvironmentName>Development</EnvironmentName>
    </PropertyGroup>
    

Reference: Visual Studio publish profiles (.pubxml) for ASP.NET Core app deployment

Refer to the “Set the Environment” section.

Peter Mortensen
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eliteproxy
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    I have done this and whilst it is setting environment correctly in the published web.config file I am struggling with the appsettings.*.json files. I have appsettings.Staging.json but when I publish it stays as appsettings.Staging.json and isn't turned into appsettings.json and the website doesn't work (doesnt read that file) – Paul May 11 '21 at 16:15
  • @Paul in fact dotnetcore will read and load appsettings.json (and fail if it's not well-formed or doesn't exist at all), and will also try to read appsettings.{currentEnv}.json (and NOT fail if it's not well-formed or doesn't exist). It's the call to "WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder()" in the "CreateWebHostBuilder" method in the Program.cs file which automatically load these files by default. – ianis Jul 20 '21 at 07:49
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    Not working with dotnet 6 :/ I add the prop but env is always production. – TwoFingerRightClick Jul 05 '22 at 21:28
  • In your publish profile you can add this to only copy the correct settings file for each environment ``` ``` – Jay Bowman Oct 28 '22 at 20:01
23

You should follow the instructions provided in the documentation, using the web.config.

<aspNetCore processPath="dotnet"
        arguments=".\MyApp.dll"
        stdoutLogEnabled="false"
        stdoutLogFile="\\?\%home%\LogFiles\aspnetcore-stdout">
  <environmentVariables>
    <environmentVariable name="ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT" value="Production" />
    <environmentVariable name="CONFIG_DIR" value="f:\application_config" />
  </environmentVariables>
</aspNetCore>

Note that you can also set other environment variables as well.

The ASP.NET Core Module allows you specify environment variables for the process specified in the processPath attribute by specifying them in one or more environmentVariable child elements of an environmentVariables collection element under the aspNetCore element. Environment variables set in this section take precedence over system environment variables for the process.

David Pine
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11

This variable can be saved in JSON. For example, envsettings.json with content as below

{
    // Possible string values reported below. When empty, it uses the ENV variable value or
    // Visual Studio setting.
    // - Production
    // - Staging
    // - Test
    // - Development

    "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
}

Later modify your program.cs file as below

public class Program
{
    public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; set; }
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var currentDirectoryPath = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
        var envSettingsPath = Path.Combine(currentDirectoryPath, "envsettings.json");
        var envSettings = JObject.Parse(File.ReadAllText(envSettingsPath));
        var environmentValue = envSettings["ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT"].ToString();

        var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
               .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
               .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");

        Configuration = builder.Build();

        var webHostBuilder = new WebHostBuilder()
          .UseKestrel()
          .CaptureStartupErrors(true)
          .UseContentRoot(currentDirectoryPath)
          .UseIISIntegration()
          .UseStartup<Startup>();

        // If none is set it use Operative System hosting enviroment
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(environmentValue))
        {
            webHostBuilder.UseEnvironment(environmentValue);
        }

        var host = webHostBuilder.Build();

        host.Run();
    }
}

This way it will always be included in publish and you can change to the required value according to the environment where the website is hosted.

This method can also be used in a console application as the changes are in file Program.cs.

Peter Mortensen
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Nagashree Hs
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  • This is the best solution. Microsoft really blew it with this one. It was a terrible idea to use the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT for setting the environment and as a key for associating appsettings with launch settings. – ATL_DEV Jun 03 '23 at 01:55
6

With the latest version of the dotnet CLI (2.1.400 or greater), you can just set this MSBuild property $(EnvironmentName) and publish tooling will take care of adding ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT to the web.config with the environment name.

Also, XDT support is available starting 2.2.100-preview1.

Sample: https://github.com/vijayrkn/webconfigtransform/blob/master/README.md

Peter Mortensen
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vijayrkn
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5

You can directly add ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT env into your web.config file:

<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <aspNetCore processPath="dotnet" arguments=".\MyProject.dll" stdoutLogEnabled="true" stdoutLogFile=".\logs\stdout" hostingModel="inprocess">
      <environmentVariables>
        <environmentVariable name="ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT" value="Development" />
      </environmentVariables>
    </aspNetCore>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>
Chris W
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4

Rather than hardwiring dev settings, add this to your .csproj:

<!-- Adds EnvironmentName variable during publish -->
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">
    <EnvironmentName>Development</EnvironmentName>
</PropertyGroup>

<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'">
    <EnvironmentName>Production</EnvironmentName>
</PropertyGroup>
Peter Mortensen
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HappyNomad
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  • I know this has nothing to do with the original question, but if you use web deploy this approach is excellent. When you're using a development and staging environment these instances can also run easily on the same mache without sharing the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT environment variable. – Arndt Bieberstein Jun 01 '21 at 13:01
3

If you are using the Rider IDE (from JetBrains) on Windows, Linux or Mac:

  • Click in Add Configuration; Enter image description here
  • In the modal window, click in Add New... located in the left column. Modal window with no configuration
  • Chose .NET project (the template will depend on your project type)
  • In Environment Variables field, click in the document icon on the right side; Environment field in .NET Project modal window.
  • In the new window, click on the + to create a new environment variable, which you will input the key/value ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT/Development; Adding a new environment variable.
  • Click OK at the bottom right side of the window.
  • Click Apply at the bottom right side of the window.

Rider has included the launch settings for your project and has set it as the default for your project debugging and runs.

Environment settings concluded and default

Peter Mortensen
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Arthur Zennig
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3

For .NET 6 i found this to be the nicest Solution:

var webAppOptions = new WebApplicationOptions()
{   
    Args = args,

    #if DEBUG
        EnvironmentName = Environments.Development,
    #else
        EnvironmentName = Environments.Production,
    #endif

};

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(webAppOptions);

We could also read the EnvironmentName from a config file and set it in the WebApplicationOptions before calling WebApplication.CreateBuilder

Now we can also test the Production Environment on our development machine. We just have to switch to release build and we have the Production Environment.

No need to set any ENVIRONMENT variables.

The advatage of doing it like this is also that we can not accidently create a release build that runs under a Development Environment.

Charles
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  • This way is so much easier than anything else. For Debug I want Development environment and for Release I want Production environment. I don't want to run in the Visual Studio environment so this works perfectly. – Simon Gymer Nov 23 '22 at 14:50
2

A simple solution

I use the current directory to determine the current environment and then flip the connection string and environment variable. This works great so long as you have a naming convention for your site folders, such as test, beta, and sandbox.

protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
    var dir = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
    string connectionString;

    if (dir.Contains("test", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
    {
        connectionString = new ConnectionStringBuilder(server: "xxx", database: "xxx").ConnectionString;
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT", "Development");
    }
    else
    {
        connectionString = new ConnectionStringBuilder(server: "xxx", database: "xxx").ConnectionString;
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT", "Production");
    }

    optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(connectionString);
    optionsBuilder.UseLazyLoadingProxies();
    optionsBuilder.EnableSensitiveDataLogging();
}
Peter Mortensen
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William Robinson
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1

Another option that we use in our projects in order to be able to set the environment per-site is to add a Parameters.xml file to the project with the following content:

<parameters>
      <parameter name="IIS Web Application Name" defaultValue="MyApp" tags="IisApp" />
      <parameter name="Environment" description="Environment" tags="">
        <parameterEntry kind="XmlFile" scope="Web.config"  match="/configuration/location/system.webServer/aspNetCore/environmentVariables/environmentVariable[@name='ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT']/@value" />
      </parameter>
</parameters>

The Build Action for this file is Content and the Copy Action is Copy If Newer, so it will be part of the package to deploy.

Then, to deploy the package and set the environment, in the Release, under the "WinRM - IIS Web App Deployment" task (it works just as well when using the "IIS web app deploy" task), we set additional arguments for msdeploy:

-setParam:kind=ProviderPath,scope=contentPath,value="MySite" -setParam:name="Environment",value="Stage"

This way we can have multiple releases, all using the same artifact, but deployed as different environments.

Peter Mortensen
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Shahafo
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1

I had to manually add this piece of code to my main method. This will base the environment based on Azure's App Settings

static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
   ...
   //set the environment variable based on App Settings
   var environment = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT");
   builder.UseEnvironment(environment);
Div
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0

I found it working for me by setting this variable directly on the Azure platform (if you use it).

Just select your web application → ConfigurationApplication settings and add the variable and its value. Then press the Save button.

Peter Mortensen
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Ray
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0

I was looking for an answer for this for last few days to understand how this can be achieved via Azure DevOps release pipeline deploying to Azure App Service. Here is what how I achieved it - Hope this will help you.

On Azure App Service deploy task > Set this value in Application & Configuration Settings : -ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT ""

enter image description here

Zahil John
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0

What might help for some:

For a NET6 app; setting the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT to Development did not seem to work when I ran my published app locally.

However, when copied to the server with IIS it did work... So might be due to local environment variables.

But, then on the server my swagger docs were loaded, due to ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT: Development.

I solved this by adding an extra appsettings.Staging.json file and publish with:

dotnet publish -c Release -r win-x64 --no-self-contained /p:EnvironmentName=Staging 

Finally, I ensured that environment specific variables are not in the generic appsettings.json, but only in the respective appsettings.{env}.json files.

Robin
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0

You add these lines into the publish profile as others indicated before:

<PropertyGroup>
    <EnvironmentName>Production</EnvironmentName>
</PropertyGroup>

Then use this syntax in the condition section of .csproj file, for example:

<Exec WorkingDirectory="$(SpaRoot)" Command="npm build --prod" Condition="'$(EnvironmentName)' == 'Production'>
0

This one was also giving me troubles. I don't want to have switches within my code and want to rule it from the outside. And that is possible. There are a lot of options what you see in the posts above. This is what I did.

Setup code

In Program.cs add this

var _configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
    .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
    .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{builder.Environment.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true)
    .AddEnvironmentVariables()
    .Build();

The forth sentence is for environmental settings in json. The fifth sentence is for overruling in staging and prod by using environment variables.

Then add three files:

  • appsettings.json
  • appsettings.Development.json
  • appsettings.Staging.json
  • appsettings.Production.json

In appsettings.json I place the generic values for every environment. IE the name of the application. In appsettings.Development.json I place the connection string. You can also do that in Staging and Production. I did that different for security reasons.

Tip

The setup above can run your environment in dev-mode. In launchsettings.json you can change the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT to ie Staging to see how it works in test/staging mode.

Deployment

When I deploy to docker I overrule the environment setting to get the code running in the right environment. That is this way (this is is how pass from Nomad environment variables to docker, docker-compose will have a different format, but idea is the same):

env {
    ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT = "Staging"
    CONNECTIONSTRINGS__MYCS = "MyConnectionString"
}

When you work this way, you have clean code.

0

When I change the launch settings from say Debug to Staging I want the correct app<envronmentName>Settings.json to be loaded without having to remember to change the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT setting in the project from "Development" to "Staging". To this end I modify the Build conditional compilation symbols as follows;

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

Within my code I then use;

string environmentName = "";

#if DEBUG
    environmentName = "Development";
#elif STAGING
    environmentName = "Staging";
#else
    environmentName = "Production";
#endif

IConfigurationRoot config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false)
    .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{environmentName}.json", true)
    .AddUserSecrets(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), true)
    .Build();

This synchronises the appSettings file used to match the launch configuration selected. [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/1XJlW.jpg

Ray
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