Remove the last line from a file in Bash

Question

I have a file, foo.txt, containing the following lines:

a
b
c

I want a simple command that results in the contents of foo.txt being:

a
b

Answer 1

Using GNU sed:

sed -i '$ d' foo.txt

The -i option does not exist in GNU sed versions older than 3.95, so you have to use it as a filter with a temporary file:

cp foo.txt foo.txt.tmp
sed '$ d' foo.txt.tmp > foo.txt
rm -f foo.txt.tmp

Of course, in that case you could also use head -n -1 instead of sed.

MacOS:

On Mac OS X (as of 10.7.4), the equivalent of the sed -i command above is

sed -i '' -e '$ d' foo.txt

Answer 2

This is by far the fastest and simplest solution, especially on big files:

head -n -1 foo.txt > temp.txt ; mv temp.txt foo.txt

if You want to delete the top line use this:

tail -n +2 foo.txt

which means output lines starting at line 2.

Do not use sed for deleting lines from the top or bottom of a file -- it's very very slow if the file is large.

Answer 3

For large files

I had trouble with all the answers here because I was working with a HUGE file (~300Gb) and none of the solutions scaled. Here's my solution:

filename="example.txt"

file_size="$(stat --format=%s "$filename")"
trim_count="$(tail -n1 "$filename" | wc -c)"
end_position="$(echo "$file_size - $trim_count" | bc)"

dd if=/dev/null of="$filename" bs=1 seek="$end_position"

Or alternatively, as a one liner:

dd if=/dev/null of=<filename> bs=1 seek=$(echo $(stat --format=%s <filename> ) - $( tail -n1 <filename> | wc -c) | bc )

In words: Find out the length of the file you want to end up with (length of file minus length of length of its last line, using bc), and set that position to be the end of the file (by dding one byte of /dev/null onto it).

This is fast because tail starts reading from the end, and dd will overwrite the file in place rather than copy (and parse) every line of the file, which is what the other solutions do.

NOTE: This removes the line from the file in place! Make a backup or test on a dummy file before trying it out on your own file!

Answer 4

To remove the last line from a file without reading the whole file or rewriting anything, you can use

tail -n 1 "$file" | wc -c | xargs -I {} truncate "$file" -s -{}

To remove the last line and also print it on stdout ("pop" it), you can combine that command with tee:

tail -n 1 "$file" | tee >(wc -c | xargs -I {} truncate "$file" -s -{})

These commands can efficiently process a very large file. This is similar to, and inspired by, Yossi's answer, but it avoids using a few extra functions.

If you're going to use these repeatedly and want error handling and some other features, you can use the poptail command here: https://github.com/donm/evenmoreutils

Answer 5

On macOS, head -n -1 wont work but you can use this command:

cat file.txt | tail -r | tail -n +2 | tail -r

1. tail -r reverses the order of lines in its input

2. tail -n +2 prints all the lines starting from the second line in its input

Answer 6

Mac Users

if you only want the last line deleted output without changing the file itself do

sed -e '$ d' foo.txt

if you want to delete the last line of the input file itself do

sed -i '' -e '$ d' foo.txt

Answer 7

echo -e '$d\nw\nq'| ed foo.txt

Answer 8

Linux

$ means the last line, and d means delete:

sed '$d' ~/path/to/your/file/name

MacOS

Equivalent of the sed -i:

sed -i '' -e '$ d' ~/path/to/your/file/name

Answer 9

awk 'NR>1{print buf}{buf = $0}'

Essentially, this code says the following:

For each line after the first, print the buffered line

for each line, reset the buffer

The buffer is lagged by one line, hence you end up printing lines 1 to n-1

Answer 10

Here is a solution using sponge (from the moreutils package):

head -n -1 foo.txt | sponge foo.txt

Summary of solutions:

1. If you want a fast solution for large files, use the efficient tail or dd approach.

2. If you want something easy to extend/tweak and portable, use the redirect and move approach.

3. If you want something easy to extend/tweak, the file is not too large, portability (i.e., depending on moreutils package) is not an issue, and you are a fan of square pants, consider the sponge approach.

A nice benefit of the sponge approach, compared to "redirect and move" approaches, is that sponge preserves file permissions.

Sponge uses considerably more RAM compared to the "redirect and move" approach. This gains a bit of speed (only about 20%), but if you're interested in speed the "efficient tail" and dd approaches are the way to go.

Answer 11

OK processing a good amount of data and the output was OK, but had one junk line.

If I piped the output of the script to:

| sed -i '$ d' I would get the following error and finally no output at all sed: no input files

But | head -n -1 worked!

Answer 12

Both of these solutions are here in other forms. I found these a little more practical, clear, and useful:

Using dd:

BADLINESCOUNT=1
ORIGINALFILE=/tmp/whatever
dd if=${ORIGINALFILE} of=${ORIGINALFILE}.tmp status=none bs=1 count=$(printf "$(stat --format=%s ${ORIGINALFILE}) - $(tail -n${BADLINESCOUNT} ${ORIGINALFILE} | wc -c)\n" | bc )
/bin/mv -f ${ORIGINALFILE}.tmp ${ORIGINALFILE}

Using truncate:

BADLINESCOUNT=1
ORIGINALFILE=/tmp/whatever
truncate -s $(printf "$(stat --format=%s ${ORIGINALFILE}) - $(tail -n${BADLINESCOUNT} ${ORIGINALFILE} | wc -c)\n" | bc ) ${ORIGINALFILE}

Answer 13

To remove the last line in the zshrc file for example:

cat ~/.zshrc
sed -i '' -e '$ d' ~/.zshrc
cat ~/.zshrc

Answer 14

awk "NR != `wc -l < text.file`" text.file &> newtext.file

This snippet does the trick.

Answer 15

You can try this method also : example of removing last n number of lines.

a=0 ; while [ $a -lt 4 ];do sed -i '$ d' output.txt; a=expr $a + 1;done

Removing last 4 lines from file(output.txt).

Answer 16

Ruby(1.9+)

ruby -ne 'BEGIN{prv=""};print prv ; prv=$_;' file