How to seed an Admin user in EF Core 2.1.0?

Question

I have an ASP.NET Core 2.1.0 application using EF Core 2.1.0.

How do I go about seeding the database with Admin user and give him/her an Admin role? I cannot find any documentation on this.

Answer 1

As user cannot be seeded in a normal way in Identity just like other tables are seeded using .HasData() of .NET Core 2.1.

Microsoft Recommendation: For data that requires calls to external API, such as ASP.NET Core Identity users creation it is recommended to use custom initialization logic.

Seed Roles in .NET Core 2.1 using code given below in ApplicationDbContext Class :

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        // Customize the ASP.NET Identity model and override the defaults if needed.
        // For example, you can rename the ASP.NET Identity table names and more.
        // Add your customizations after calling base.OnModelCreating(builder);

        modelBuilder.Entity<IdentityRole>().HasData(new IdentityRole { Name = "Admin", NormalizedName = "Admin".ToUpper() });
    }

Seed Users With Roles by Following the steps given below.

Step 1: New class creation

public static class ApplicationDbInitializer
{
    public static void SeedUsers(UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager)
    {
        if (userManager.FindByEmailAsync("abc@xyz.com").Result==null)
        {
            IdentityUser user = new IdentityUser
            {
                UserName = "abc@xyz.com",
                Email = "abc@xyz.com"
            };

            IdentityResult result = userManager.CreateAsync(user, "PasswordHere").Result;

            if (result.Succeeded)
            {
                userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, "Admin").Wait();
            }
        }       
    }   
}

Step 2: Now Modify ConfigureServices method in Startup.cs class.

Before Modification:

services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>()
            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

After Modification:

services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>().AddRoles<IdentityRole>()
            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

Step 3: Modify parameters of Configure Method in Startup.cs class.

Before Modification :

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        //..........
    }

After modification :

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager)
    {
        //..........
    }

Step 4 : Calling method of our Seed (ApplicationDbInitializer) class:

ApplicationDbInitializer.SeedUsers(userManager);

Note: You can also Seed Roles just like users by Injecting the RoleManager along with UserManager.

Answer 2

Actually a User Entity can be seeded in OnModelCreating, one thing to consider: the IDs should be predefined. If type string is used for TKey identity entities, then there is no problem at all.

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
{
    base.OnModelCreating(builder);
    // any guid
    const string ADMIN_ID = "a18be9c0-aa65-4af8-bd17-00bd9344e575";
    // any guid, but nothing is against to use the same one
    const string ROLE_ID = ADMIN_ID;
    builder.Entity<IdentityRole>().HasData(new IdentityRole
    {
        Id = ROLE_ID,
        Name = "admin",
        NormalizedName = "admin"
    });

    var hasher = new PasswordHasher<UserEntity>();
    builder.Entity<UserEntity>().HasData(new UserEntity
    {
        Id = ADMIN_ID,
        UserName = "admin",
        NormalizedUserName = "admin",
        Email = "some-admin-email@nonce.fake",
        NormalizedEmail = "some-admin-email@nonce.fake",
        EmailConfirmed = true,
        PasswordHash = hasher.HashPassword(null, "SOME_ADMIN_PLAIN_PASSWORD"),
        SecurityStamp = string.Empty
    });

    builder.Entity<IdentityUserRole<string>>().HasData(new IdentityUserRole<string>
    {
        RoleId = ROLE_ID,
        UserId = ADMIN_ID
    });
}

Answer 3

ASP.Net Core 3.1

That's how I do it using the EntityTypeBuilder :

Role Configuration:

public class RoleConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<IdentityRole>
{
    private const string adminId = "2301D884-221A-4E7D-B509-0113DCC043E1";
    private const string employeeId = "7D9B7113-A8F8-4035-99A7-A20DD400F6A3";
    private const string sellerId = "78A7570F-3CE5-48BA-9461-80283ED1D94D";
    private const string customerId = "01B168FE-810B-432D-9010-233BA0B380E9";

    public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<IdentityRole> builder)
    {

        builder.HasData(
                new IdentityRole
                {
                    Id = adminId,
                    Name = "Administrator",
                    NormalizedName = "ADMINISTRATOR"
                },
                new IdentityRole
                {
                    Id = employeeId,
                    Name = "Employee",
                    NormalizedName = "EMPLOYEE"
                },
                new IdentityRole
                {
                    Id = sellerId,
                    Name = "Seller",
                    NormalizedName = "SELLER"
                },
                new IdentityRole
                {
                    Id = customerId,
                    Name = "Customer",
                    NormalizedName = "CUSTOMER"
                }
            );
    }
}

User Configuration:

public class AdminConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<ApplicationUser>
{
    private const string adminId = "B22698B8-42A2-4115-9631-1C2D1E2AC5F7";

    public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<ApplicationUser> builder)
    {
        var admin = new ApplicationUser
        {
            Id = adminId,
            UserName = "masteradmin",
            NormalizedUserName = "MASTERADMIN",
            FirstName = "Master",
            LastName = "Admin",
            Email = "Admin@Admin.com",
            NormalizedEmail = "ADMIN@ADMIN.COM",
            PhoneNumber = "XXXXXXXXXXXXX",
            EmailConfirmed = true,
            PhoneNumberConfirmed = true,
            BirthDate = new DateTime(1980,1,1),
            SecurityStamp = new Guid().ToString("D"),
            UserType = UserType.Administrator                
        };

        admin.PasswordHash = PassGenerate(admin);

        builder.HasData(admin);
    }

    public string PassGenerate(ApplicationUser user)
    {
        var passHash = new PasswordHasher<ApplicationUser>();
        return passHash.HashPassword(user, "password");
    }
}

Assigning Roles To Users:

 public class UsersWithRolesConfig : IEntityTypeConfiguration<IdentityUserRole<string>>
    {
        private const string adminUserId = "B22698B8-42A2-4115-9631-1C2D1E2AC5F7";
        private const string adminRoleId = "2301D884-221A-4E7D-B509-0113DCC043E1";

        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<IdentityUserRole<string>> builder)
        {
            IdentityUserRole<string> iur = new IdentityUserRole<string>
            {
                RoleId = adminRoleId,
                UserId = adminUserId
            };

            builder.HasData(iur);
        }
    }

Finally in the DB Context class:

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

    //If you have alot of data configurations you can use this (works from ASP.Net core 2.2):

    //This will pick up all configurations that are defined in the assembly
    modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());

    //Instead of this:
    modelBuilder.ApplyConfiguration(new RoleConfiguration());
    modelBuilder.ApplyConfiguration(new AdminConfiguration());
    modelBuilder.ApplyConfiguration(new UsersWithRolesConfig());
}

Answer 4

Here is how I did it in the end. I created a DbInitializer.cs class to do the seeding of all my data (including the admin user).

Here's the code for the methods relating to the seeding of the user accounts:

private static async Task CreateRole(RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager, 
ILogger<DbInitializer> logger, string role)
{
  logger.LogInformation($"Create the role `{role}` for application");
  IdentityResult result = await roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(role));
  if (result.Succeeded)
  {
    logger.LogDebug($"Created the role `{role}` successfully");
  }
  else
  {
    ApplicationException exception = new ApplicationException($"Default role `{role}` cannot be created");
    logger.LogError(exception, GetIdentiryErrorsInCommaSeperatedList(result));
    throw exception;
  }
}

private static async Task<ApplicationUser> CreateDefaultUser(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, ILogger<DbInitializer> logger, string displayName, string email)
{
  logger.LogInformation($"Create default user with email `{email}` for application");

  ApplicationUser user = new ApplicationUser
  {
    DisplayUsername = displayName,
    Email = email,
    UserName = email
  };

  IdentityResult identityResult = await userManager.CreateAsync(user);

  if (identityResult.Succeeded)
  {
    logger.LogDebug($"Created default user `{email}` successfully");
  }
  else
  {
    ApplicationException exception = new ApplicationException($"Default user `{email}` cannot be created");
    logger.LogError(exception, GetIdentiryErrorsInCommaSeperatedList(identityResult));
    throw exception;
  }

  ApplicationUser createdUser = await userManager.FindByEmailAsync(email);
  return createdUser;
}

private static async Task SetPasswordForUser(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, ILogger<DbInitializer> logger, string email, ApplicationUser user, string password)
{
  logger.LogInformation($"Set password for default user `{email}`");
  IdentityResult identityResult = await userManager.AddPasswordAsync(user, password);
  if (identityResult.Succeeded)
  {
    logger.LogTrace($"Set password `{password}` for default user `{email}` successfully");
  }
  else
  {
    ApplicationException exception = new ApplicationException($"Password for the user `{email}` cannot be set");
    logger.LogError(exception, GetIdentiryErrorsInCommaSeperatedList(identityResult));
    throw exception;
  }
}

My Program.cs looks like this:

public class Program
{
  public static async Task Main(string[] args)
  {
    var host = BuildWebHost(args);

    using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
    {
      var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
      Console.WriteLine(services.GetService<IConfiguration>().GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"));
      try
      {
        var context = services.GetRequiredService<PdContext>();
        var userManager = services.GetRequiredService<UserManager<ApplicationUser>>();
        var roleManager = services.GetRequiredService<RoleManager<IdentityRole>>();

        var dbInitializerLogger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<DbInitializer>>();
        await DbInitializer.Initialize(context, userManager, roleManager, dbInitializerLogger);
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
        logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred while migrating the database.");
      }
    }

    host.Run();
  }

  public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
    WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
    .UseStartup<Startup>()
    .Build();
}

Answer 5

This is based on .NET 6 with Individual user accounts and then scaffolding Identity. The user is created and then gets a confirmed email based on Microsofts code.

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authentication/scaffold-identity?view=aspnetcore-6.0&tabs=visual-studio#scaffold-identity-into-a-razor-project-with-authorization

You can then seed the role per @Zubair Rana answer.

https://stackoverflow.com/a/51571555/3850405

Program.cs:

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();
        CreateDbAndRunMigrations(host);
        host.Run();
    }

    private static void CreateDbAndRunMigrations(IHost host)
    {
        using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
        {
            var services = scope.ServiceProvider;

            var context = services.GetRequiredService<ApplicationDbContext>();
            context.Database.Migrate();

            var userStore = services.GetRequiredService<IUserStore<ApplicationUser>>();

            var userManager = services.GetRequiredService<UserManager<ApplicationUser>>();

            DbInitializer.Initialize(context, userManager, userStore);
        }
    }
}

DbInitializer.cs:

public static class DbInitializer
{
    public static void Initialize(ApplicationDbContext context, UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, IUserStore<ApplicationUser> userStore)
    {
        if (context.Users.Any())
        {
            return;   // DB has been seeded
        }

        var user = Activator.CreateInstance<ApplicationUser>();

        var email = "example@example.com";

        var emailStore = (IUserEmailStore<ApplicationUser>)userStore;

        //Will not be used - Has to use Forgot Password. Last characters used to make sure password validation passes
        var password = GetUniqueKey(40) + "aA1!";

        userStore.SetUserNameAsync(user, email, CancellationToken.None).Wait();
        emailStore.SetEmailAsync(user, email, CancellationToken.None).Wait();
        var result = userManager.CreateAsync(user, password).Result;

        if (result.Succeeded)
        {
            var userId = userManager.GetUserIdAsync(user).Result;
            var code =  userManager.GenerateEmailConfirmationTokenAsync(user).Result;
            userManager.ConfirmEmailAsync(user, code).Wait();
        }
        else
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }
    
    private static string GetUniqueKey(int size)
    {
        var chars =
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890!+?*~".ToCharArray();

        byte[] data = new byte[4*size];
        using (var crypto = RandomNumberGenerator.Create())
        {
            crypto.GetBytes(data);
        }
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(size);
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        {
            var rnd = BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, i * 4);
            var idx = rnd % chars.Length;

            result.Append(chars[idx]);
        }

        return result.ToString();
    }
}

Answer 6

If you are referring to Identity users, the way we did was to add hardcoded values in DbContext.OnModelCreating:

builder.Entity<Role>().HasData(new Role { Id = 2147483645, Name = UserRole.Admin.ToString(), NormalizedName = UserRole.Admin.ToString().ToUpper(), ConcurrencyStamp = "123c90a4-dfcb-4e77-91e9-d390b5b6e21b" });

And user:

builder.Entity<User>().HasData(new User
        {
            Id = 2147483646,
            AccessFailedCount = 0,
            PasswordHash = "SomePasswordHashKnownToYou",
            LockoutEnabled = true,
            FirstName = "AdminFName",
            LastName = "AdminLName",
            UserName = "admin",
            Email = "admin@gmail.com",
            EmailConfirmed = true,
            InitialPaymentCompleted = true,
            MaxUnbalancedTech = 1,
            UniqueStamp = "2a1a39ef-ccc0-459d-aa9a-eec077bfdd22",
            NormalizedEmail = "ADMIN@GMAIL.COM",
            NormalizedUserName = "ADMIN",
            TermsOfServiceAccepted = true,
            TermsOfServiceAcceptedTimestamp = new DateTime(2018, 3, 24, 7, 42, 35, 10, DateTimeKind.Utc),
            SecurityStamp = "ce907fd5-ccb4-4e96-a7ea-45712a14f5ef",
            ConcurrencyStamp = "32fe9448-0c6c-43b2-b605-802c19c333a6",
            CreatedTime = new DateTime(2018, 3, 24, 7, 42, 35, 10, DateTimeKind.Utc),
            LastModified = new DateTime(2018, 3, 24, 7, 42, 35, 10, DateTimeKind.Utc)
        });

builder.Entity<UserRoles>().HasData(new UserRoles() { RoleId = 2147483645, UserId = 2147483646 });

I wish there was some better/cleaner way to do it.

Answer 7

Here's how I created an admin role and ensured it was added to my admin user in dotnet 6 with very few lines of code using EF core

In your db context class:

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
{
    base.OnModelCreating(builder);

    builder.Entity<IdentityRole>().HasData(
        new IdentityRole { Name = "Admin", NormalizedName = "Admin".ToUpper() }
    );
}

In your Program.cs file:

using (var scope = app.Services.CreateScope())
{
    var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
    var userManager = services.GetRequiredService<UserManager<User>>();
    var admin = await userManager.FindByEmailAsync("admin@admin.com");
    if (admin != null)
    {
        if (!await userManager.IsInRoleAsync(admin, "Admin"))
            await userManager.AddToRoleAsync(admin, "Admin");
    }
}

app.Run();