EDIT: As pointed out in https://stackoverflow.com/a/54053514/2279059, this driver is only needed for the Android virtual device. If you don't need it (it is useful for debugging, etc.), just see that other answer about how to disable the virtual device in the installer.
This workaround did it for me on a relatively fresh Windows 10 PC:
- Kill the installer process
- Download the Intel HAXM driver from https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-hardware-accelerated-execution-manager-intel-haxm
- From that ZIP file, run
haxm_android.exe
- If it complains about Hyper-V, disable Hyper-V:
dism.exe /Online /Disable-Feature:Microsoft-Hyper-V-All
(or see https://www.poweronplatforms.com/enable-disable-hyper-v-windows-10-8/), then run it again.
- Run the Android Studio installer again, selecting "Uninstall Previous Version".
More solutions to more potential problems may be found here: I can't install intel HAXM
There is also a long checklist in another StackOverflow question for installing the Intel HAXM driver somewhere, but I could not find it again. Feel free to edit if you can find it. There are also lots of (semi-)duplicates of this question begging for cleanup and maybe assembling one answer with all the steps and things to check, not just what I had to do on my machine. If you are still stuck after reading this, keep looking around.