How to use TypeScript with Sequelize

Question

I already have my server application written in Node, PostgreSQL, Sequelize using Fastify.

Now I would like to use TypeScript. Can anyone tell me how to begin rewriting my Server application using TypeScript.

Answer 1

Updated

/**
 * Keep this file in sync with the code in the "Usage" section
 * in /docs/manual/other-topics/typescript.md
 *
 * Don't include this comment in the md file.
 */
import {
  Association, DataTypes, HasManyAddAssociationMixin, HasManyCountAssociationsMixin,
  HasManyCreateAssociationMixin, HasManyGetAssociationsMixin, HasManyHasAssociationMixin,
  HasManySetAssociationsMixin, HasManyAddAssociationsMixin, HasManyHasAssociationsMixin,
  HasManyRemoveAssociationMixin, HasManyRemoveAssociationsMixin, Model, ModelDefined, Optional,
  Sequelize, InferAttributes, InferCreationAttributes, CreationOptional, NonAttribute, ForeignKey,
} from 'sequelize';

const sequelize = new Sequelize('mysql://root:asd123@localhost:3306/mydb');

// 'projects' is excluded as it's not an attribute, it's an association.
class User extends Model<InferAttributes<User, { omit: 'projects' }>, InferCreationAttributes<User, { omit: 'projects' }>> {
  // id can be undefined during creation when using `autoIncrement`
  declare id: CreationOptional<number>;
  declare name: string;
  declare preferredName: string | null; // for nullable fields

  // timestamps!
  // createdAt can be undefined during creation
  declare createdAt: CreationOptional<Date>;
  // updatedAt can be undefined during creation
  declare updatedAt: CreationOptional<Date>;

  // Since TS cannot determine model association at compile time
  // we have to declare them here purely virtually
  // these will not exist until `Model.init` was called.
  declare getProjects: HasManyGetAssociationsMixin<Project>; // Note the null assertions!
  declare addProject: HasManyAddAssociationMixin<Project, number>;
  declare addProjects: HasManyAddAssociationsMixin<Project, number>;
  declare setProjects: HasManySetAssociationsMixin<Project, number>;
  declare removeProject: HasManyRemoveAssociationMixin<Project, number>;
  declare removeProjects: HasManyRemoveAssociationsMixin<Project, number>;
  declare hasProject: HasManyHasAssociationMixin<Project, number>;
  declare hasProjects: HasManyHasAssociationsMixin<Project, number>;
  declare countProjects: HasManyCountAssociationsMixin;
  declare createProject: HasManyCreateAssociationMixin<Project, 'ownerId'>;

  // You can also pre-declare possible inclusions, these will only be populated if you
  // actively include a relation.
  declare projects?: NonAttribute<Project[]>; // Note this is optional since it's only populated when explicitly requested in code

  // getters that are not attributes should be tagged using NonAttribute
  // to remove them from the model's Attribute Typings.
  get fullName(): NonAttribute<string> {
    return this.name;
  }

  declare static associations: {
    projects: Association<User, Project>;
  };
}

class Project extends Model<
  InferAttributes<Project>,
  InferCreationAttributes<Project>
> {
  // id can be undefined during creation when using `autoIncrement`
  declare id: CreationOptional<number>;

  // foreign keys are automatically added by associations methods (like Project.belongsTo)
  // by branding them using the `ForeignKey` type, `Project.init` will know it does not need to
  // display an error if ownerId is missing.
  declare ownerId: ForeignKey<User['id']>;
  declare name: string;

  // `owner` is an eagerly-loaded association.
  // We tag it as `NonAttribute`
  declare owner?: NonAttribute<User>;

  // createdAt can be undefined during creation
  declare createdAt: CreationOptional<Date>;
  // updatedAt can be undefined during creation
  declare updatedAt: CreationOptional<Date>;
}

class Address extends Model<
  InferAttributes<Address>,
  InferCreationAttributes<Address>
> {
  declare userId: ForeignKey<User['id']>;
  declare address: string;

  // createdAt can be undefined during creation
  declare createdAt: CreationOptional<Date>;
  // updatedAt can be undefined during creation
  declare updatedAt: CreationOptional<Date>;
}

Project.init(
  {
    id: {
      type: DataTypes.INTEGER.UNSIGNED,
      autoIncrement: true,
      primaryKey: true
    },
    name: {
      type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
      allowNull: false
    },
    createdAt: DataTypes.DATE,
    updatedAt: DataTypes.DATE,
  },
  {
    sequelize,
    tableName: 'projects'
  }
);

User.init(
  {
    id: {
      type: DataTypes.INTEGER.UNSIGNED,
      autoIncrement: true,
      primaryKey: true
    },
    name: {
      type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
      allowNull: false
    },
    preferredName: {
      type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
      allowNull: true
    },
    createdAt: DataTypes.DATE,
    updatedAt: DataTypes.DATE,
  },
  {
    tableName: 'users',
    sequelize // passing the `sequelize` instance is required
  }
);

Address.init(
  {
    address: {
      type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
      allowNull: false
    },
    createdAt: DataTypes.DATE,
    updatedAt: DataTypes.DATE,
  },
  {
    tableName: 'address',
    sequelize // passing the `sequelize` instance is required
  }
);

// You can also define modules in a functional way
interface NoteAttributes {
  id: number;
  title: string;
  content: string;
}

// You can also set multiple attributes optional at once
type NoteCreationAttributes = Optional<NoteAttributes, 'id' | 'title'>;

// And with a functional approach defining a module looks like this
const Note: ModelDefined<
  NoteAttributes,
  NoteCreationAttributes
> = sequelize.define(
  'Note',
  {
    id: {
      type: DataTypes.INTEGER.UNSIGNED,
      autoIncrement: true,
      primaryKey: true
    },
    title: {
      type: new DataTypes.STRING(64),
      defaultValue: 'Unnamed Note'
    },
    content: {
      type: new DataTypes.STRING(4096),
      allowNull: false
    }
  },
  {
    tableName: 'notes'
  }
);

// Here we associate which actually populates out pre-declared `association` static and other methods.
User.hasMany(Project, {
  sourceKey: 'id',
  foreignKey: 'ownerId',
  as: 'projects' // this determines the name in `associations`!
});

Address.belongsTo(User, { targetKey: 'id' });
User.hasOne(Address, { sourceKey: 'id' });

async function doStuffWithUser() {
  const newUser = await User.create({
    name: 'Johnny',
    preferredName: 'John',
  });
  console.log(newUser.id, newUser.name, newUser.preferredName);

  const project = await newUser.createProject({
    name: 'first!'
  });

  const ourUser = await User.findByPk(1, {
    include: [User.associations.projects],
    rejectOnEmpty: true // Specifying true here removes `null` from the return type!
  });

  // Note the `!` null assertion since TS can't know if we included
  // the model or not
  console.log(ourUser.projects![0].name);
}

(async () => {
  await sequelize.sync();
  await doStuffWithUser();
})();

---

OLD

Using Decorators is something you should avoid as much as possible, they are not ECMAScript standard. They are even consider legacy. It is why I'm going to show you how to use sequelize with typescript.

we just need to follow the docs: https://sequelize.org/v5/manual/typescript.html but as it is not very clear, or at least to me. It took me a while understand it.

There it says that you need to install this tree things

 * @types/node
 * @types/validator // this one is not need it
 * @types/bluebird

npm i -D @types/node @types/bluebird

then let's assume your project looks like so:

myProject
--src
----models
------index.ts
------user-model.ts
------other-model.ts
----controllers
----index.ts
--package.json

Let's create the user model first

`./src/models/user-model.ts`
import { BuildOptions, DataTypes, Model, Sequelize } from "sequelize";

export interface UserAttributes {
    id: number;
    name: string;
    email: string;
    createdAt?: Date;
    updatedAt?: Date;
}
export interface UserModel extends Model<UserAttributes>, UserAttributes {}
export class User extends Model<UserModel, UserAttributes> {}

export type UserStatic = typeof Model & {
    new (values?: object, options?: BuildOptions): UserModel;
};

export function UserFactory (sequelize: Sequelize): UserStatic {
    return <UserStatic>sequelize.define("users", {
        id: {
            type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
            autoIncrement: true,
            primaryKey: true,
        },
        email: {
            type: DataTypes.STRING,
            allowNull: false,
            unique: true,
        },
        name: {
            type: DataTypes.STRING,
            allowNull: false,
        },
        createdAt: {
            type: DataTypes.DATE,
            allowNull: false,
            defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW,
        },
        updatedAt: {
            type: DataTypes.DATE,
            allowNull: false,
            defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW,
        },
    });
}

Now just to play arrow let's create another-model.ts

`./src/models/another-model.ts`

import { BuildOptions, DataTypes, Model, Sequelize } from "sequelize";

export interface SkillsAttributes {
    id: number;
    skill: string;
    createdAt?: Date;
    updatedAt?: Date;
}
export interface SkillsModel extends Model<SkillsAttributes>, SkillsAttributes {}
export class Skills extends Model<SkillsModel, SkillsAttributes> {}

export type SkillsStatic = typeof Model & {
    new (values?: object, options?: BuildOptions): SkillsModel;
};

export function SkillsFactory (sequelize: Sequelize): SkillsStatic {
    return <SkillsStatic>sequelize.define("skills", {
        id: {
            type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
            autoIncrement: true,
            primaryKey: true,
        },
        skill: {
            type: DataTypes.STRING,
            allowNull: false,
            unique: true,
        },
        createdAt: {
            type: DataTypes.DATE,
            allowNull: false,
            defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW,
        },
        updatedAt: {
            type: DataTypes.DATE,
            allowNull: false,
            defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW,
        },
    });
}

Our Entities are done. now the db connection.

open ./src/models/index.ts there is where we gonna place the seqelize instance

`./src/models/index.ts`

import * as sequelize from "sequelize";
import {userFactory} from "./user-model";
import {skillsFactory} from "./other-model";

export const dbConfig = new sequelize.Sequelize(
    (process.env.DB_NAME = "db-name"),
    (process.env.DB_USER = "db-user"),
    (process.env.DB_PASSWORD = "db-password"),
    {
        port: Number(process.env.DB_PORT) || 54320,
        host: process.env.DB_HOST || "localhost",
        dialect: "postgres",
        pool: {
            min: 0,
            max: 5,
            acquire: 30000,
            idle: 10000,
        },
    }
);

// SOMETHING VERY IMPORTANT them Factory functions expect a
// sequelize instance as parameter give them `dbConfig`

export const User = userFactory(dbConfig);
export const Skills = skillsFactory(dbConfig);

// Users have skills then lets create that relationship

User.hasMay(Skills);

// or instead of that, maybe many users have many skills
Skills.belongsToMany(Users, { through: "users_have_skills" });

// the skill is the limit!

on our index.ts add, if you just want to open connection

  db.sequelize
        .authenticate()
        .then(() => logger.info("connected to db"))
        .catch(() => {
            throw "error";
        });

or if you want to create them tables

  db.sequelize
        .sync()
        .then(() => logger.info("connected to db"))
        .catch(() => {
            throw "error";
        });

some like this

 
import * as bodyParser from "body-parser";
import * as express from "express";
import { dbConfig } from "./models";
import { routes } from "./routes";
import { logger } from "./utils/logger";
import { timeMiddleware } from "./utils/middlewares";

export function expressApp () {
    dbConfig
        .authenticate()
        .then(() => logger.info("connected to db"))
        .catch(() => {
            throw "error";
        });

    const app: Application = express();
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
        app.use(require("helmet")());
        app.use(require("compression")());
    } else {
        app.use(require("cors")());
    }

    app.use(bodyParser.json());
    app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true, limit: "5m" }));
    app.use(timeMiddleware);
    app.use("/", routes(db));

    return app;
}

Once again the sky is the limit. If you do this you'll have all the power of the autocomplete. here an example: https://github.com/EnetoJara/resume-app

Answer 2

Use sequelize-typescript. Convert your tables and views into a class that extends Model object.

Use annotations in classes for defining your table.

import {Table, Column, Model, HasMany} from 'sequelize-typescript';
 
@Table
class Person extends Model<Person> {
 
  @Column
  name: string;
 
  @Column
  birthday: Date;
 
  @HasMany(() => Hobby)
  hobbies: Hobby[];
}

Create a connection to DB by creating the object:

const sequelize = new Sequelize(configuration...). 

Then register your tables to this object.

sequelize.add([Person])

For further reference check this module. Sequelize-Typescript

Answer 3

I suggest shortening your typing and doing something like this:

interface UserAttributes extends Model {
    id: number;
    name: string;
    email: string;
    createdAt?: Date;
    updatedAt?: Date;
}