The called program can change its command line by simply overwriting argv
like this:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
int arglen = argv[argc-1]+strlen(argv[argc-1])+1 - argv[0];
memset(argv[0], arglen, 0);
strncpy(argv[0], "secret-program", arglen-1);
sleep(100);
}
Testing:
$ ./a.out mySuperPassword &
$ ps -f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
me 20398 18872 0 11:26 pts/3 00:00:00 bash
me 20633 20398 0 11:34 pts/3 00:00:00 secret-program
me 20645 20398 0 11:34 pts/3 00:00:00 ps -f
$
UPD: I know, it is not completely secure and may cause race conditions, but many programs that accept password from command line do this trick.