All of the previous answers require installing a package from the VS Code Marketplace. Here is a solution, that won't even require you to install VS Code.
The Web Based VS Code Editor: Run VS Code on any machine anywhere and access it in the browser.
All you need to do is, first install code-server using:
$ curl -fsSL https://code-server.dev/install.sh | sh
Start code-server using:
$ code-server
After running this you can log on to https://127.0.0.1:8080 and view the web-based VS code.
To keep the service running in the background, use:
$ sudo systemctl restart code-server@$USER
You might also want to edit the configurations, for e.g., run it on 0.0.0.0:8080 instead of 127.0.0.1:8080 or to change the password - use:
$ nano ~/.config/code-server/config.yaml
I have used nano as my text editor, feel free to use your preferred text editor.
For in-depth setup and configuration guide: Setup Guide
Original GitHub repo for more info: code-server