"Conversion to Dalvik format failed with error 1" on external JAR

Question

In my Android application in Eclipse, I get the following error.

UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: already added: Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;
....
Conversion to Dalvik format failed with error 1

This error only appears when I add a specific external JAR file to my project. I searched for a long time for a possible solution, but none of them work.

I even tried to change to Android 1.6 instead of 1.5 (the current version I use).

Answer 1

Go to Project » Properties » Java Build Path » Libraries and remove all except the "Android X.Y" (in my case Android 1.5). click OK. Go to Project » Clean » Clean projects selected below » select your project and click OK. That should work.

It is also possible that you have a JAR file located somewhere in your project folders (I had copied the Admob JAR file into my src folder) and THEN added it as a Java Path Library. It does not show up under the Package Explorer, so you don't notice it, but it does get counted twice, causing the dreaded Dalvik error 1.

Another possible reason could be package name conflicts. Suppose you have a package com.abc.xyz and a class named A.java inside this package, and another library project (which is added to the dependency of this project) which contains the same com.abc.xyz.A.java, then you will be getting the exact same error. This means, you have multiple references to the same file A.java and can't properly build it.

In other ways this may be occurred if you accidentally or knowingly edit/ add any thing in the class path file manually .In certain cases we may add android.jar path manually to classpath file for generating java doc.On removing the that after javadoc generated code will works fine.Please check this too if any one still occurs.

Answer 2

I solved the problem.

This is a JAR file conflict.

It seems that I have two JAR files on my buildpath that include the same package and classes.

smack.jar and android_maps_lib-1.0.2

Deleting this package from one of the JAR files solved the problem.

Answer 3

Windows 7 Solution:

Confirmed the problem is caused by ProGuard command line in the file
[Android SDK Installation Directory]\tools\proguard\bin\proguard.bat

Edit the following line will solve the problem:

call %java_exe% -jar "%PROGUARD_HOME%"\lib\proguard.jar %*

to

call %java_exe% -jar "%PROGUARD_HOME%"\lib\proguard.jar %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9

Answer 4

You can solve this issue easily (with Eclipse Android Developer Tools, Build: v22.0.1-685705) by turn off menu > "Project" > "Build Automatically" while exporting (un)signed Android application. After that, don't forget to turn it on again.

Answer 5

If you have ADT revision 12+, you should update your proguard from 4.4 -> 4.6 (as described here). Also, you should leave ...\bin\proguard.bat file in the orginal form.

Just download it from the web, and copy lib folder from downloaded package to the :

[Android SDK Installation Directory]\tools\proguard\lib

Answer 6

EDIT (new solution):

It looks like the previous solution is only a bypass. I managed to finally fix the problem permanently: In my case there was a mismatch in android-support-v4 files in my project and in the Facebook project that is referenced in my project.

I found this error by performing Lint Check (Android Tools / Run Lint: Check for Common Errors)

My previous solution:

I've tried any possible solution on this site - nothing helped!!!

Finally I've found an answer here: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/actionbarsherlock/drzI7pEvKd4

Easy steps:

Go to Project -> uncheck Build Automatically

Go to Project -> Clean... , clean both the library project and your app project

Export your app as a signed APK while Build Automatically is still disabled

Answer 7

Here's another scenario, and solution:

If you run into this problem recently after updating the ADT for Eclipse:

1. In your app project, check for any linked source folders pointing to your library projects (they have names in the form "LibraryName_src").
2. Select all those projects, right-click, choose "Build Path"->"Remove from Build Path".
3. Choose "Also unlink the folder from the project", and click "Yes".
4. Clean, rebuild and redeploy the project.

It seems the reason is that some previous version of ADT linked Library project source folders to the "child" projects, and the current ADT/Dex combination isn't compatible with that solution anymore.

EDIT: this is confirmed by an Android Dev Blog entry, specifically this one - see the 8th paragraph onwards.

Answer 8

Go to Project and then uncheck "Build Automatically".Then try to export the project and the error is gone.

Answer 9

This can also be caused if you have added Android.jar file to your build path, perhaps by an accidental quick fix in Eclipse. Remove it with right clicking Project -> build path -> configure build path -> android.jar, remove.

Answer 10

Simply cleaning the project has worked for me every time this error has come up.

Answer 11

My own and only solution that I found today after four hours of testing all the solutions, is a combination of many solutions provided here:

• Delete project from Eclipse
• Delete files in \bin and \gen from project folder
• Remove references to libraries into .classpath file in root project folder
• Restart Eclipse with command line : eclipse -clean
• Import project
• Right click on project - select Properties > Java Build Path > Libraries and remove everything else than Android XX.Y
• Finally clean project, wait for automatic Building or Build it
• Launch and now it works! At least for me...

I tried every step at a time and many combinations, but only the succession of all steps at once made it! I hope I won't face this again...

Answer 12

Just for the other people who still have this problem and they have tried the above answers but still getting the error (which was my case), then my solution was to delete the project from Eclipse and re-import it again.

This made the Android library to be added again to my referenced libraries, so now I have two Android JAR files referenced, hence I deleted one of them and now it compiles fine.

Solution: Delete the project from Eclipse IDE and then re-import it again, then check for the above solutions.

Answer 13

Ran into this problem myself today. Cleaning and rebuild did not fix the problem. Deleting and reimporting the project didn't help either.

I finally traced it back to a bad additions to my .class file. I think this was added by the plugin tools when I was trying to fix another problem, removing it got rid of the "Conversion to Dalvik format failed with error 1" build error:

<classpathentry kind="lib" path="C:/dev/repository/android-sdk-windows/platforms/android-3/android.jar">
    <attributes>
        <attribute name="javadoc_location" value="file:/C:/dev/repository/android-sdk-windows/docs/reference"/>
    </attributes>
    <accessrules>
        <accessrule kind="nonaccessible" pattern="com/android/internal/**"/>
    </accessrules>

Answer 14

For me, an extra JAR reference had appeared in my build path. I deleted this, and it works now.

Answer 15

I've dealt with this problem when using Sherlock ActionBar library in my project. You could do the following step, it's work for me.

1. Right click to your project, select properties.
2. A dialog will show up, select 'Java build path' on the left menu.
3. Remove 'Android dependencies' and 'Android private libraries' on the right panel then click OK
4. Clean your project (select menu Project --> Clean)
5. Right click your project, select Android Tools -> Fix project properties
6. Clean project once again.
7. Restart your computer
8. Open eclipse and Export apk

Hope that will help you.

Answer 16

My problem was caused by ADT version 12.0 and ProGuard integration. This bug is well documented and the solution is in the documentation

Solution is in here

ProGuard command line

Answer 17

Updating Proguard to latest version solved it for me.

• My proguard path was C:\Program Files (x86)\Android\android-sdk\tools\proguard\
• I downloaded the new version from here
• and replaced both bin and lib folders

THANK GOD!

Answer 18

I found something else. Android uses the /libs directory for JAR files. I have seen the "Conversion to Dalvik format failed with error 1" error numerous times, always when I made a mistake in my JAR files.

Now I upgraded Roboguice to a newer version, by putting the new JAR file in the /libs directory and switching the class path to the new version. That caused the Dalvik error.

When I removed one of the Roboguice JAR files from the /libs folder, the error disappeared. Apparently, Android picks up all JAR files from /libs, regardless of which ones you specify in the Java build path. I don't remember exactly, but I think Android started using /libs by default starting with Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich, ICS).

Answer 19

In general, it seems that this problem comes when there are unnecessary JAR files in build path.

I faced this problem while working on IntelliJ IDEA. For me it happened because I added JUnit and Mockito libraries which were being compiled at runtime. This needed to be set to "testing" in module properties.

Answer 20

In my case the problem is actually with OpenFeint API project. I have added OpenFeint as library project:

.

It is also added into build path, ADT tools 16 gives error with this sceneario.

Right click on your project and click build path, configure the build path and then see the image and remove your project OpenFeint from here and all is done :)

Answer 21

None of previously proposed solutions worked for me. In my case, the problem happened when I switched from referencing a library source code folder to using the library JAR file. Initially there was an Android library project listed under the Android application project Properties\ Android page\ Library section, and the library compared also in project explorer tree as a link to the library source directory.

In the first place, I just deleted the directory link from the project tree and I added the JAR library to the build path, but this caused the exception.

The correct procedure was (after changing back the build path and putting back the reference to the library source):

• properly remove the library source directory link by actually removing the reference from application project Properties\ Android page

• adding the library JAR to the application project build path as usual.

Answer 22

None of the listed solutions worked for me.

Here's where I was having a problem:

I added the jSoup external JAR file to my project's path by first putting it in a source folder called "libs", and then right clicking on it, Build Path -> add to build path. This threw the Dalvik conversion error. It said I had "already included" a class from that JAR file. I looked around the project's directory and found that the place where it was "already included" was in fact the bin directory. I deleted the JAR file from the bin directory and refreshed the project in Eclipse and the error went away!

Answer 23

In my case

project->properties->java build path -> in order and export tab -> uncheck android-support-v4.jar

Answer 24

Just clean the project

If this does not work try the other solutions

Answer 25

This answer is basically what many people try to say, but many people may not understand. So...

"Another reason can be if you have a JAR file located somewhere in your project folder and then added it as a Java Path Library. It does not show up under the Package Explorer, so you don't notice it, but it does get counted twice, causing the dreaded Dalvik error." answered Jan 2 '12 at 6:23 Rashmi.B

Meaning:

If you have for instance these two libraries (.jar) in your lib folder:

and then these two folders are also added to your build path:

means that they are counted twice, thus giving you the error!

Solution:

1. Remove these libraries from your build path AND remove "Android Dependencies" as well:
2. Clean all projects
3. Export you project
4. Enjoy! :)

Answer 26

All the solutions above didn't work for me. I'm not using any precompiled .jar. I'm using the LVL and the Dalvik errors where all related to the market licensing library.

The problem got solved by deleting the main project and reimporting (create a new project from existing sources).

Answer 27

I had the same problem and none of these solutions worked. Finally, I saw in the console that the error was due to duplicated class (one in the existing project, one in the added jar file) :

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: already added: package/MyClassclass;
[2011-01-19 14:54:05 - ...]: Dx1 error; aborting
[2011-01-19 14:54:05 - ...] Conversion to Dalvik format failed with error 1

So check if you are adding jar with duplicated classes in your project. If yes, try removing one of them.

It worked for me.

Answer 28

Often for me, cleaning the project DOES NOT fix this problem.

But closing the project in Eclipse and then re-opening it does seem to fix it in those cases...

Answer 29

I ran into this problem but my solution was twofold. 1.) I had to add an Android target version under project -> properties -> Android. 2.) I didn't have all google 'third party add-ons'. Click in AVD SDK manager under available packages -> third-party add-ons -> Google Inc. I downloaded all of the SDKs and that solved my issue.

Answer 30

I am using Android 1.6 and had one external JAR file. What worked for me was to remove all libraries, right-click project and select Android Tools -> *Fix Project Properties (which added back Android 1.6) and then add back the external JAR file.

Answer 31

I ran into this problem because the Android-Maven-plugin in Eclipse was apparently not recognizing transitive references and references referenced twice from a couple of projects (including an Android library project), and including them more than once. I had to use hocus-pocus to get everything included only once, even though Maven is supposed to take care of all this.

For example, I had a core library globalmentor-core, that was also used by globalmentor-google and globalmentor-android (the latter of which is an Android library). In the globalmentor-android pom.xml I had to mark the dependency as "provided" as well as excluded from other libraries in which it was transitively included:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.globalmentor</groupId>
        <artifactId>globalmentor-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <!-- android-maven-plugin can't seem to automatically keep this from being
             included twice; it must therefore be included manually (either explicitly
             or transitively) in dependent projects -->
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

Then in the final application pom.xml I had to use the right trickery to allow only one inclusion path---as well as not explicitly including the core library:

    <!-- android-maven-plugin can't seem to automatically keep this from being
        included twice -->
    <!-- <dependency> -->
    <!-- <groupId>com.globalmentor</groupId> -->
    <!-- <artifactId>globalmentor-core</artifactId> -->
    <!-- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> -->
    <!-- </dependency> -->

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.globalmentor</groupId>
        <artifactId>globalmentor-google</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <exclusions>
            <!-- android-maven-plugin can't seem to automatically keep this from
                being included twice -->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>com.globalmentor</groupId>
                <artifactId>globalmentor-core</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.globalmentor</groupId>
        <artifactId>globalmentor-android</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>

Answer 32

In my case im having an exteranl jar added.So I moved the external jar position to top of android reference in Project Prop--->Java buildPath--->Project references

Answer 33

I know it's answered already, but here was my solution:

My Android project was from a Subversion repository, and I just did Checkout as a New Project. I had to manually add my libraries (Android and Java) to the build path, otherwise it wouldn't let me compile. Then I would get the above error.

I had to make a new Android project, and then manually copy over the changes.

Answer 34

My problem was in integration of Ant + ProGuard + AdMob SDK library + Debug mode. I was building debug APK using Ant and Added AdMob SDK JAR to libs/ directory. Eclipse generated the debug APK normally, but Ant could not. I was getting the following error.

[apply] UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION: [apply] java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: already added: Lcom/google/ads/AdActivity; [apply] at com.android.dx.dex.file.ClassDefsSection.add(ClassDefsSection.java:123)

I also had ProGuard turned on for debug build in my build.xml (default is off):

<target name="-debug-obfuscation-check">
    <property name="proguard.enabled" value="true"/>
</target>

That was the problem. Somehow ProGuard and AdMob SDK do not live together in debug mode. ProGuard did not obfuscate AdActivity class so it appeared in bin/proguard/obfuscated.jar unobfuscated, but the same class exists in the AdMob SDK JAR file. Eclipse was building debug APK without ProGuard, so it worked fine.

So my solution was just to turn off ProGuard for debug builds in build.xml. I hope it helps somebody.

Answer 35

None of the answers here helped in my case.

For me the problem was that mvn eclipse:eclipse was generating a classpath entry that was a project reference to an Android library project, however, it was not showing up in the Eclipse build path settings! This meant that the library classes ended up in the dexer twice, once from the hidden project reference, and once from the linked library JAR.

I had to open the .classpath with a text editor and remove the projects element manually. This fixed the issue.

Answer 36

I was using ADT r14 and when ever i tried adding any library project, I got this error. For me what worked was simply updating the ADT to the latest version. It solved the problem instantly. I tried almost all the workarounds given on stackoverflow but nothing else really worked for me.

Answer 37

I personally managed to fix this by manually editing the project.properties file within the Eclipse project.

What it was:

target=android-16
android.library.reference.1=..\\..\\github\\ActionBarSherlock\\library
android.library.reference.2=../../github/android-numberpicker/library

What I changed it to so the problem went away:

target=android-16
android.library.reference.1=../../github/ActionBarSherlock/library
android.library.reference.2=../../github/android-numberpicker/library

This file was not fixed automatically by using the "Fix Project Properties" tool.

Answer 38

For me the problem was that I had set the wrong compiler compliance level (1.8 instead of 1.7).

This answer solved it:

In the Project SDK section, when you add an Android SDK you should provide the Java SDK and all my Android SDKs uses Java 8 as SDK so it create the class files with the wrong version even if the Project level is 1.7 (i don't know why, i supposed that everything was choosed by Project level). Now i changed the SDK (the java version "1.x.0" part.)

Answer 39

I had the exact same error with a project containing protobuf lite (Protocol Buffers by Google) in its classpath. I guess the reason was the protobuf-lite.jar that was in my classpath and project-folder was built in my previous machine. When I downloaded Maven and re-built the protobuf-lite.jar file then added it anew as a user-library to my project everything worked fine.

Answer 40

What worked for me are the following:

• Clean the build completely
• Removed the extraneous android.jar file that I found in Project/Properties/Libraries.

Answer 41

i am also faced this problem when i am add same jar file with different versions, i simply remove old version jar an clean the project it works fine for me.

Answer 42

In my case the issue was originated after updating Eclipse and ADT in March 2011. In my project I am using a JAR which was producing issues to rebuild and none of the former solutions worked. It took me some days to try all , search up&down with no satisfying solution. Apparently there was a double reference to the .jar file.

Finally I :

1. removed any references from the libraries,
2. deleted the physical file form within the application.
3. got the .jar (located in a different directory outside of the project) using "Add External Jars"
4. performed a project "clean",
5. update references into the module calling the jar with (ctrl)+(shift)+O

and it did finally compile.

Answer 43

This error is due to

1. having more than one JAR file.
2. If the JAR file has similar class files, then .dx format cannot be parsed.

Solution:

1. make and choose the appropriate JAR file.
2. get the latest one.

Answer 44

I am using ADT 7 and the other fixes didn't work (but I still did them).

Then I copied proguard.cfg from another project and simply pasted it into the older ADT project folder. And wallah, it worked.

Answer 45

In my case, unplugging my phone from the USB was all it took to fix this error.

Answer 46

This usually happens to me after either eclipse has been running for a long time or after I have built a signed apk successfully.

As far as my experience with this is concerned, the fix it I just restart eclipse.

Answer 47

I had the same error, and tried everything above but nothing helped me.

My projects are attached to GIT source control system, and I realized that there are some GIT related task while exporting to Andorid application. Then I commited all changes to the GIT repository and error dissapear.

So, if you are using GIT for source control and nothing above help you, try to commit all changes to the GIT repository (and eventually push to upstream) and try export again.

Answer 48

For NewRelic users:

If you have integrated the newrelic jar in your app, this happens when the newrelic version is outOf date.

Solution:

• Update the newrelic jar to the latest version. On eclipse, its just right click on the project and update newrelic. Or you can download the new version directly.

Answer 49

Just Project > Clean worked for me.

Answer 50

I had the same problem, when I tried to export my project. Nothing to see in the console.

For me the solution was upgrading proguard to the lastest version, hopes this helpes someone.

Answer 51

I went through the steps in this answer and still did not get a resolution. I kept searching around online and found that you can get this error if you're trying to export an APK while an Android device is connected to the computer.

Disconnecting my device followed by closing the project, rebooting the computer, opening the project and cleaning it worked for me all three times this has happened.

Answer 52

The error should be finally fixed as of ADT 17/Tools r17 preview releases! At least some instances of it, if not all.

Answer 53

None of these answers worked for me. My problem is caused by JUnit and hamcrest. See also java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: already added: Lorg/hamcrest/BaseDescription; Conversion to Dalvik format failed with error 1

Answer 54

it's better to include all *.jar files in the "lib" directory of the project folders tree. and in this way , you'll not need to define the build path by going to the properties of the project. "lib" is already a build path

Answer 55

I had the same problem. when i checked,i saw that there were 2 classes with the same name, 1 in each of the external jar file i had added. i had to then remove 1 of the jar file. Luckily i got another jar file for the 1 i had removed.

Answer 56

If you are using Leadbolt ads SDK in you app and you are combining both "Notification ads" and "Display Ads" you need to use pubxappCom.jar instead of pubxapp.jar for notification ads, or you get this error!

Happy coding!

Answer 57

Google API on dependencies cause this problem. After remove it works well.

Answer 58

I cleaned my main App Project AND the Android Library Project which it uses. Solved the issue

Answer 59

-Remove all your libraries from your java Build path. And add it again. - Clean your project.

Run it.

Answer 60

This error was being caused for me due to several files I had excluded from the build path being deleted, but not removed from the exclusion list.

Project -> Properites -> Java Build Path -> Source tab -> project/src folder -> double click on Excluded -> Remove any files that no longer exist in the project.

Answer 61

I found the solution in a differant way... https://stackoverflow.com/a/14948244/1014288

Thanks to this you can fix no deleting and stuff

Answer 62

In most cases this problem is caused by a buggy or corrupted version of Proguard, that for some strange reason often will be installed from official Android SDK manager

Don't edit Proguard bat file to avoid further problems, if you get this issue, download the latest stable version of Proguard from official site and replace all proguard files in

android-sdk\tools\proguard

with the latest proguard files extracted from the downloaded archive.

Make no sense remove all external libraries dependencies, if a developer add a library to his project most likely the library is needed.

Answer 63

Nothing helped me, but the suggested solution here worked like a charm:

i.e. adding the line -optimizations !code/allocation/variable to proguard-project.txt

Answer 64

Another case of android witchcraft, if nothing else works, try increasing your versionCode and versionName by 1 in the manifest.

It worked for me.

Answer 65

Hi Previously I had Android SDK Build tools 18.1.1 and Windows XP . then my app was running properly.

But I updated My system to Windows 7 and also updated Android SDK Build tools to 19 to have latest configurations.

But My project has xercesImpl-2.9.1.jar file so When I started to run my application with new/updated configurations I was getting

Conversion to Dalvik format failed with error 1 while parsing org/apache/xerces/impl/xpath/regex/ParserForXMLSchema.class

So I went through all the answers which are mentioned to this question but was not able to solve . I wondered for 4 days then I found this link which saved my life, after reading this I came to know that problem is due to xercesImpl-2.9.1.jar with Android SDK Build tools to 19.

So I downgraded it to Android SDK Build tools to 18.1.1. And I got rid of this problem.

i am posting my answer here so that if anyone would face this issue they can get solve it.

It made me frustated. Hope will help others.

Answer 66

I tried each and everything but nothing worked.

Interesting thing was if we export android application using proguard we were getting "conversion to dalvik format failed with error 1" error but if we don't use proguard while exporting then APK was successfully created.

Finally one of the jar in our android project was having a .class file with more than 1.5 MB size.Its size was causing this issue.We split that class into many smaller classes and problem went away.

Answer 67

Nothing worked for me here, i had to change my proguard file to add this line:

-keep class !mycode.** { *; }

which keeps any code thats not my package.

Answer 68

I have just installed newest eclipse with newest API and newest SDKs and tools but, years later, this error does not get old. I waste a day to figure it out. Tried everything. In vain. Because this message is very generic and a lot of different problems will raise it. So, solutions pointed by some will not work for others.

A good first approach is to go to Window > Preferences > Android > Build and UNCHECK 'Skip packaging and dexing...'. This way you will have more clues on your specific error when you are building, not only exporting.

In my case, I got an "Dx unsupported class file version...". This error I did not see reported here. Well, based on this I discovered that some old jars I use were compiled with 1.6 and others with 1.7. So I changed default IDE compiler compliance level to 1.6 (Window > Preferences > Java > Compiler), and after complete clean and rebuild of every dependence I had, I finally could generate my APK.

Answer 69

I had this problem with Eclipse neon and JDK 1.8. After changing to JDK 1.7 the problem was solved.

Answer 70

None of the answers here worked for me either.

However, I could fix the error by removing the Android classpath container (in my case Android 4.4) from ALL attached libraries except the main application and then exporting the APK. The library projects won't compile anymore, but the jar file still exists and the APK is getting deployed. I'm not sure what's the reason for this behaviour.

Answer 71

If you want to solve this problem then you have to change Android SDK1.6 to Android 2.2. After that, clean the project and then build and run. Then you will see that your application is running.