As far as I know, regular expressions cannot be used in MS Word's search(Find-Replace-Go) box, and the only way to use them in Word is to write programs in VBA to apply them.
If you are still interested in writing regular expressions to achieve this project, you can try to run the following code in the VBE. It will find all the text in the active document that matches the criteria and mark them in red (change them to red).
The criteria are as you specified: it is the range of text with at least 3 digits inside the parentheses.
Sub RegExFind_MarkRed_3digits_in_parentheses()
Dim text2Found As String, d As Document, ur As UndoRecord
Set ur = Word.Application.UndoRecord
ur.StartCustomRecord "RegExFind_MarkRed_3digits_in_parentheses"
Set d = ActiveDocument
text2Found = d.Content.Text
'Dim re As New VBScript_RegExp_10.RegExp, matches As VBScript_RegExp_10.MatchCollection, match As VBScript_RegExp_10.match
Dim regEx As Object
Set regEx = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") 'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/base-types/the-regular-expression-object-model
'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/base-types/regular-expression-language-quick-reference
'https://www.regular-expressions.info/vbscript.html
Dim matches As Object 'As MatchCollection
Dim match As Object 'As match
regEx.Pattern = "\([^)]*?\d{3}[^)]*?\)"
regEx.Global = True
' Executive Search
Set matches = regEx.Execute(text2Found)
' Show matching results
For Each match In matches
'Debug.Print match.Value
d.Range(match.FirstIndex + 2, match.FirstIndex + match.Length + 2).Font.ColorIndex = wdRed
Next
ur.EndCustomRecord
End Sub