This is a list of notable crowd collapses, crushes, and stampedes. Many such accidents are also in the list of accidents and disasters by death toll. The deadliest modern crowd crush incidents have both occurred during the Hajj pilgrimage, with the 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy claiming 1,426 lives and the 2015 Mina stampede claiming 2,400.[1]

Ancient era

  • In AD 80, the Roman-Jewish historian Josephus recorded that in Jerusalem, while Ventidius Cumanus was procurator of Judea (AD 48–52), a Roman soldier mooned Jewish pilgrims at the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem who had gathered for Passover, and "spake such words as you might expect upon such a posture", causing a riot in which youths threw stones at the soldiers, who then called in reinforcements. The pilgrims panicked, and the ensuing stampede reportedly resulted in the deaths of thousands of Jews.[2] According to Josephus, "upwards of ten thousand"[3] and more than twenty thousand[4] people perished in the event, though these numbers may have been exaggerated.[5]

1700s

  • 11 October 1711: 245 people were killed in a crush on the Guillotière bridge (Pont de la Guillotière) in Lyon, France, when a large crowd returning from a festival on the other side of the Rhône became trapped against an obstruction in the middle of the bridge caused by a collision between a carriage and a cart.[6]
  • 30 May 1770: At least 133 people died when a fireworks display at what is now the Place de la Concorde in Paris, a celebration of the wedding of the future Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, set mannequins and other decorations aflame, leading to a panic in which many were trampled and others drowned in the adjacent Seine. Some historians have put the total death toll up to 3,000.[7]

1800s

Est. Deaths Date Name Country Place Description
27–34+23 February 18071807 Newgate disaster United KingdomNewgate Prison,
London
Dozens of spectators were crushed to death when part of a crowd of around 40,000 witnessing an execution surged forward after a wooden cart collapsed.
11012 February 1823Carnival tragedy of 1823Malta MaltaVallettaAbout 110 boys died in a crush while attempting to leave the Convent of the Minori Osservanti during Carnival celebrations.[8]
65 19 February 1849 Theatre Royal disaster United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom Glasgow, Scotland Crush occurred at the Theatre Royal, Dunlop Street, when audience members rushed to escape the building during a fire.
43 20 November 1851 Ninth Ward School disaster United States United States New York City Students suffocated after a staircase bannister failed while they were fleeing a possible fire, causing them to pile up at the bottom of the staircase.[9]
2016 January 1865UnnamedUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United KingdomDundee, ScotlandA crush occurred during admissions into Bell Street Hall for an upcoming promenade. The main entrance for the music hall was a downward flight of stairs with a set of inward opening gates. When the gates were opened, the force of the crowd pushed those in front down the areaway, which caused a pile-up that ultimately killed 20 people, three-quarters being between the ages of 12 and 18.[10][11]
1910 October 1872UnnamedGerman Empire GermanyOstrowo (now in Poland)19 women and children were killed in a crowd crush and resulting stairs collapse in a synagogue in during the fast of Yom Kippur. A failure of the gas lighting plunged a synagogue balcony (apparently, the women's gallery) into darkness, causing panic among the women.[12]
2785 December 1876Brooklyn Theatre fireUnited States United StatesBrooklyn, New YorkCrushes on gallery and balcony staircases during the fire delayed the evacuation of the building, a contributing factor in the reported deaths.[13]
1230 May 1883UnnamedUnited States United StatesNew York CityDozens of others injured after a woman tripped on the stairway of the Brooklyn Bridge, which had been open for eight days at the time. The crush was exacerbated by fears the bridge was about to collapse.[14]
18316 June 1883Victoria Hall disasterUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United KingdomSunderland, England183 children aged between 3 and 14 were crushed when over 1,100 children surged down a blocked stairway to collect gifts from the entertainers after the end of a variety show.
4014 October 1883UnnamedRussian Empire RussiaZiwonka, Podolia (now in Ukraine)False shouts of fire in the women's gallery in the synagogue caused a crush as people rushed towards the exit.[15]
1835 September 1887Exeter Theatre Royal fireUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United KingdomExeter, EnglandDeaths due to inadequate and obstructed fire-escapes.[16]
1,38918 May 1896Khodynka TragedyRussian Empire RussiaKhodynka Field, MoscowCrush of those desiring to get presents during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II – 1,300 more were injured.

1900s

Est. Deaths Date Name Country Place Description
11519 September 1902Shiloh Baptist Church stampedeUnited States United StatesBirmingham, AlabamaCrush following a false fire alarm at a convention featuring Booker T. Washington.
60230 December 1903Iroquois Theatre fireUnited States United StatesChicagoMost deaths caused by crush asphyxiation in the rush to escape.
1611 January 1908Barnsley Public Hall disasterUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United KingdomBarnsley, EnglandChildren attempting to view a show were crushed on the stairs when the hall became overcrowded, resulting in the deaths of 16 children.
1754 March 1908Collinwood school fireUnited States United StatesCollinwood, OhioOne rescue worker, two teachers, and 172 children between the ages of five and fifteen were killed. Most of the children were killed in a stairwell when some were trying to escape down the stairs while others, who had found escape impossible that way, were trying to flee up the stairs.
7324 December 1913Italian Hall disasterUnited States United StatesCalumet, MichiganThe event is considered the source for the often-cited legal limit of protected speech, i.e., that one may not falsely shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater.
60–70 11 March 1918 Bolivar crowd crush France France , Paris Following a bomb attack during World War I, Parisians tried to enter the Bolivar metro station, but the gates down the stairs only opened to the outside. The first rows of the crowd were crushed or suffocated by those behind them.[17][18]
7131 December 1929Glen Cinema disasterUnited Kingdom United KingdomPaisley, ScotlandCaused by a smoking film canister. The resulting panic and crush initially killed 69 children and injured 40; two others later succumbed.
768 January 1934Kyoto Railroad Station tragedyJapan JapanKyotoA crowd of about 10,000 saying farewell to 750 recruits of the Imperial Japanese Navy collapsed at the bottom of a stairway from a viaduct leading over the tracks down to the platform. The number far exceeded the station's capacity.[19]
4615 June 1941Chongqing tunnel massacreRepublic of China (1912–1949) ChinaChongqingThousands rushed to the Shiba Ti Tunnel bomb shelter during the Japanese Bombing of Chongqing in the Second Sino-Japanese War and were locked from the outside. Crowding and lack of oxygen caused a stampede to get out, crushing many.[20]
35423 October 1942UnnamedKingdom of Italy ItalyGenoaCrowd crush during an attack by the RAF Bomber Command in World War II as they made their way into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel used as an air-raid shelter. Rushing down the 150 steps leading underground into the shelter, people fell on top of one another.[21]
1733 March 1943Bethnal Green tube station disasterUnited Kingdom United KingdomLondonPeople were entering the station during an air-raid alert during World War II, and a woman holding a child lost her footing and fell down the stairs, leading to the crowd falling around her in a crush.
1686 July 1944Hartford circus fireUnited States United StatesHartford, ConnecticutA fire broke out at a performance of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Many died after being trampled by other spectators, with some asphyxiating underneath the piles of people who fell over each other. Most of the dead were found in piles, some three bodies deep, at the most congested exits. A small number of people were found alive at the bottoms of these piles, protected by the bodies on top of them when the burning big top ultimately fell down.
339 March 1946Burnden Park disasterUnited Kingdom United KingdomBolton, EnglandAt an FA Cup Quarter-final between Bolton Wanderers and Stoke City, the collapse of two crash barriers in an overcrowded stand led to the crowd falling forward upon each other.
539 April 1952Santa Teresa Church tragedyVenezuela VenezuelaCaracasOccurred when someone shouted "Fire!" in the Basilica of St. Teresa. 40 people were arrested in connection with the crush.[22][23][24] Two men who were arrested on the day of the crush were released. The panic started when an elderly devotee brushed against the veil which was holding candles in the head, making a small fire that alarmed those responsible for the panic.[25]
1099 March 1953Stalin funeral crushSoviet Union Soviet UnionMoscowA crush in Trubnaya Square during the state funeral of Joseph Stalin.[26]
500–8003 February 19541954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampedeIndia IndiaAllahabadA surging crowd broke through the barriers separating them from a procession of sadhus and holy men of various akharas, resulting in a crush.
20 4 April Tbilisi Stadium crush Soviet Union Soviet Union Tbilisi, Georgian SSR A crush in the Central Stadium during a football match between Dinamo Tbilisi and Spartak Moscow.
1241 January 1956Yahiko shrine disasterJapan JapanYahiko, NiigataNew Year panic and crush at the Yahiko Shinto shrine.[27]
6717 June 1959Busan Stadium crushSouth Korea South KoreaBusanHeavy rain forced spectators to rush towards the upper sections of the municipal stadium, leading to the crush.
3126 January 1960Seoul Station crushSouth Korea South KoreaSeoulOccurred two days before the Lunar New Year when many people were returning to their hometowns. About 3,900 people, more than three times the average crowd, flocked to the ticket gate, where 200 tickets were sold for a train with a capacity of 80 people.[28]
32824 May 1964Estadio Nacional disasterPeru PeruLimaIn the worst disaster in association football history, fans disputing a referee's decision during a match between Peru and Argentina began a pitch invasion and police fired tear gas canisters into one of the grandstands to prevent more fans from invading the field, causing panic so that departing spectators moved down the enclosed stairways, pressing those in the lead against solid corrugated steel shutters at the bottom of tunnels, which were closed. The shutters finally burst outward from pressure of the crush of bodies inside. All deaths occurred in the jammed stairwells, mostly from internal haemorrhaging by crushing pressure, or by asphyxia. An additional 500 people were injured, many critically.[29]
7123 June 1968Puerta 12 TragedyArgentina ArgentinaBuenos AiresFans were caught in a crush at the bottom of the stairs leaving through Gate 12 (Puerta 12 in Spanish) of El Monumental Stadium after a derby between River Plate and Boca Juniors. The exact cause for this crush is not certain, though rival fans might have been throwing burning paper, causing a panic. Other accounts say that the gate was closed, either by police or by other fans, intentionally or unintentionally. Still others argue that it was a simple matter of too many fans going through a gate that was narrower than the staircase leading to it. The disaster remains the deadliest sports-related event in Argentine history.
662 January 19711971 Ibrox disasterUnited Kingdom United KingdomGlasgowStairway barriers collapsed after someone fell as fans were leaving the Ibrox Stadium following a match between Rangers and Celtic, leading to a crush. The tragedy included many children who died, and most of the deaths were caused by compressive asphyxia, with bodies being stacked up to six feet deep in the area. More than 200 others were injured.
21 10 March 1975 Sokolniki disaster Soviet Union Soviet Union Moscow Crush after a friendly hockey match at the Sokolniki Sports Palace between the Soviet junior national team and the Canadian junior team Barrie Co-op. 25 others were wounded.
113 December 1979The Who concert disasterUnited States United StatesCincinnati, OhioCrush at a concert by The Who at the Riverfront Coliseum. The incident led to a reduced use of festival seating at U.S. venues.
79 July 1980UnnamedBrazil BrazilFortaleza, CearáOn the 10th day of Pope John Paul II's visit to Brazil, in an effort to get good seats, the crowd at the Castelao Stadium broke down an unguarded gate and trampled those killed in the rush.[30][31]
218 February 1981Karaiskakis Stadium disasterGreece GreecePiraeusWhile some fans were exiting the stadium after a match between Olympiacos and AEK Athens, some lost their balance and fell on the last steps; soon dozens fell onto each other and were stepped over by a horde of unsuspecting fans who kept coming. 19 people died at the scene, while two more died of their wounds in hospital. At least 55 were wounded.
6620 October 1982Luzhniki disasterSoviet Union Soviet UnionMoscowA crush began at a UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem at Luzhniki Stadium after a person fell and a dense moving crowd, their direction limited by metal banisters, pushed over the fallen, crushing them. Others stumbled over the bodies in a domino effect creating a large chain-reaction pile-up of people.[32]
19 20 November 1982 Khabarovsk Stadium disaster Soviet Union Soviet Union Khabarovsk The crush occurred after a ball hockey match at Lenin Stadium. 49 others were wounded.
3929 May 1985Heysel Stadium disasterBelgium BelgiumBrusselsA crush triggered by a wall that collapsed after fans escaping a confrontation between competing fan groups were pressed against it in the stadium before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final between Liverpool and Juventus. 600 were injured, and the disaster was later described as "the darkest hour in the history of the UEFA competitions".[33]
2826 December 1987UnnamedChina ChinaShanyang County, Shaanxi ProvinceAt around 7 a.m., children rushed out of their classrooms at Chengguan Primary School after a bell called all pupils to attend a weekly school assembly on the sports field. One metal door at one end of the building was locked, causing the children from all 18 classes to rush down an unlighted stairwell to the only other exit, and some in the front fell over.[34][35]
9313 March 1988Kathmandu Stadium disasterNepal NepalKathmanduFootball fans at Dasarath Rangasala Stadium attending a Tribhuvan Challenge Shield match between Janakpur Cigarette Factory and Bangladeshi side Liberation Army surged towards the only cover during a hailstorm. The crowd was beaten back by police, but when they returned to the south terrace, a crush developed in a tunnel exit through the terrace and could not escape because the stadium doors were locked, causing a fatal crush at the front of the crowd. 100 more were injured.
9715 April 1989Hillsborough disasterUnited Kingdom United KingdomSheffieldIn one of the world's worst football disasters, 766 people others were injured at Hillsborough Stadium during an FA Cup match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest. The intensity of the crush broke the barriers on the terraces, while those trapped were packed so tightly in the pens that many victims died of compressive asphyxia while still standing. The 1990 official inquiry concluded that the primary cause was the failure of police control, as too many people were let into the stadium. A 2012 reinvestigation concluded that crowd safety was compromised at every level by lack of police control.
86 June 1989Khomeini funeral crushIran IranTehranCrush as millions flocked to the coffin of Ayatollah Khomeini as it was being moved through downtown Tehran, forcing the military to transport the body to Behesht-e Zahra cemetery using a helicopter.
1,4262 July 19901990 Mecca tunnel tragedySaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaMina, MeccaA blockage at an exit of a pedestrian tunnel (Al-Ma'aisim tunnel) leading out from Mecca towards Mina and the Plains of Arafat led to deaths by suffocation of many religious pilgrims while they were traveling to perform the Stoning of the Devil ritual during the Hajj.
4013 January 1991Orkney Stadium DisasterSouth Africa South AfricaOrkney, North WestCrush at a football match between Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates attended by about 30,000 fans in a stadium with a capacity for 23,000. When brawls broke out, people panicked, and trying to escape, were crushed against riot-control fences in the melee.
4213 February 1991UnnamedMexico MexicoChalma sanctuary, Mexico StateAn additional 55 religious pilgrims were injured after being overwhelmed by a crowd trying to enter the atrium of the sanctuary church to receive the divine signal from the ashes. The crowd pushed on for access to the atrium, with most of the dead and injured being trampled.[36]
10524 September 19911991 Taiyuan Illumination show crushChina ChinaJikong Bridge, Taiyuan, Shanxi ProvinceLarge crowds of unknown size arrived in Yingze Park to see lanterns at a light festival. Crowds moving in opposite directions were crossing a poorly lit bridge. Some fell into the water and were drowned; others were killed in the crowd collapse and crush on the west side of the bridge. In all, 105 people were killed and 108 more were injured.[37][38]
928 December 1991City College stampedeUnited States United StatesNew York CityAt an oversold charity basketball game featuring rap stars, 29 others were injured while entering an overcrowded gymnasium while funneling through a small stairwell area at the City College of New York.[39]
211 January 1993Lan Kwai Fong TragedyBritish Hong Kong Hong KongLan Kwai Fong67 others injured as a crowd of 15,000 to 20,000 revelers celebrated New Year's Eve in the city's nightclub district, controlled by 118 police officers. The victims were mostly teenagers and people in their 20s. The Independent reported witnesses as saying it was impossible to distinguish between the yelps of the partying crowd and the victims' agonized screams.[40][41][42]
27023 May 19941994 Hajj stampedeSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaJamarat Bridge, MeccaHajj pilgrims were killed and injured during a crowd crush at the Stoning of the Devil ritual.
11323 November 19941994 Gowari stampedeIndia IndiaNagpur, MaharashtraGowari people in a political protest, mostly women and children, perished in a crush triggered by cane-wielding police who attempted to prevent the estimated crowd of 40,000 from pressing towards the Vidan Bhavan. 500 others were injured.
16218 March 1996Ozone Disco firePhilippines PhilippinesQuezon CityA fire at a nightclub filled beyond capacity led to a crush at the only exit, whose doors opened inward. Many of the bodies were discovered along the corridor leading to the exit, piled up waist-high.[43]
8316 October 199616 October disasterGuatemala GuatemalaGuatemala City147 others were injured on the steep stairway of Estadio Mateo Flores prior to a World Cup qualifying match between Guatemala and Costa Rica. The crowd was estimated at 50,000 in the stadium designed to seat 37,500.
1189 April 1998UnnamedSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaMeccaHajj pilgrims were trampled to death, 180 more injured in an incident on the Jamarat Bridge.[44]
5314 January 19991999 Sabarimala stampedeIndia IndiaSabarimala shrine, KeralaWhen a landslide caused a cave-in during a Hindu pilgrimage on the day of Makara Jyothi, panic ensued and 200,000 male devotees panicked as the hill upon which they stood collapsed into the temple. The BBC reported that "Some of the dead were buried in the collapse, but most died in a stampede to avoid the landslide."[45]
5330 May 1999Nyamiha stampedeBelarus BelarusMinskA sudden thunderstorm caused a number of young people to race for nearby shelter during an open-air concert. The crowd was funneled toward the underpass of the Nyamiha metro station and many were killed when they started slipping on the wet pavement, falling and trampling each other.
64 December 1999"Air & Style" crowd crushAustria AustriaInnsbruck"Severe crowd accumulation" at one exit of Bergisel Stadium went unnoticed. Darkness, a steep slope and a slippery surface were contributing factors, but "panic did not occur at any time." Four others were left in a vegetative state, and 38 were injured.[46]

2000s

2000s (decade)

Est. Deaths Date Name Country Place Description
1324 March 2000Throb nightclub disasterSouth Africa South AfricaChatsworth, KwaZulu-Natal13 Children killed and 100 injured after a panic that broke out after a teargas canister detonated during a party for 600 children.[47][48]
930 June 2000Roskilde Festival disasterDenmark DenmarkRoskildeOccurred as members of the crowd were crushed against the stage during a performance by Pearl Jam. Another 26 people were injured, 3 of them seriously.
129 July 2000UnnamedZimbabwe ZimbabweHarareSpectators at a World Cup qualifier between Zimbabwe and South Africa died trying to leave the National Sports Stadium after police fired tear gas to control the crowd.[49]
355 March 20012001 Hajj stampedeSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaMinaHajj pilgrims trampled in a crowd crush during the Stoning of the Devil ritual.[50]
4311 April 2001Ellis Park Stadium disasterSouth Africa South AfricaJohannesburgCrush during a football match between Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates
1279 May 2001Accra Sports Stadium disasterGhana GhanaAccraCrush at a football match between Kumasi Asante Kotoko and Accra Hearts of Oak after police fired tear gas at rioters.[51]
1121 July 2001Akashi crowd crushJapan JapanAkashi247 others injured by a crowd crush after a fireworks show.[52]
721 December 2001UnnamedBulgaria BulgariaSofiaChildren aged 10 to 14 killed on the stairway leading to the entrance of a discothèque.[53]
1411 February 2003UnnamedSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaMinaOccurred during the Stoning of the Devil ritual of the Hajj pilgrimage.[54]
2117 February 20032003 E2 nightclub stampedeUnited States United StatesChicagoCrush in the stairway exit to the nightclub, after a pepper spray was used on an upper-story dance floor.
10020 February 2003The Station nightclub fireUnited States United StatesWest Warwick, Rhode IslandMany of the victims trampled.
2511 February 20042004 Hajj stampedeSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaMinaOccurred at Jamarat Bridge during the Stoning of the Devil ritual of the Hajj.
375 February 20042004 Miyun stampedeChina ChinaMiyun County, Beijing15 others injured in a crowd crush during Lantern Festival in Mihong Park.[55]
2112 April 2004Saree StampedeIndia IndiaLucknowWomen were killed in a crush after people rushed to collect free sarees.[56]
29125 January 2005Mandher Devi temple stampedeIndia IndiaMaharashtraHindu pilgrims surged near Mandhradevi temple.
725 March 2005UnnamedIran IranTehranCrush after Iran-Japan match (2006 FIFA World Cup qualification) when leaving Azadi Stadium.[57]
95331 August 20052005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disasterIraq IraqBaghdadRumors among Shiite pilgrims of a suicide bomber led to mass panic and a crush on the bridge, killing many before it finally collapsed.[58]
4218 December 20052005 December Chennai stampedeIndia IndiaChennaiCrush as flood relief supplies were handed out to homeless refugees.
34512 January 20062006 Hajj stampedeSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaMinaOccurred at Jamarat Bridge during the Stoning of the Devil ritual of the Hajj.
784 February 2006PhilSports Arena StampedePhilippines PhilippinesPasig, Metro ManilaCrush at the venue of the first anniversary celebrations of ABS-CBN's variety show Wowowee.[59]
5112 September 2006UnnamedYemen YemenIbb GovernorateMore than 200 others injured in a crush at a campaign rally.[60]
122 June 2007UnnamedZambia ZambiaChililabombweCrush at the end of a football game between Zambia and Republic of Congo.[61]
143 October 2007UnnamedIndia IndiaMughalsarai, Uttar PradeshWomen were crushed to death at a train station.[62]
65 October 2007UnnamedNorth Korea North KoreaSunchonCrush after a crowd of 15,000 watched a public execution in a stadium, 34 others injured.[63]
119 February 20082008 Bandung stampedeIndonesia IndonesiaBandungCrush at the launching album concert of the metal band Beside.
927 March 2008UnnamedIndia IndiaAshok Nagar, Madhya PradeshMore than a dozen others injured at a temple crush during a pilgrimage.[64]
1220 June 2008New's Divine nightclub tragedyMexico MexicoMexico City13 others injured at a nightclub crush during a police raid.[65]
1423 August 2008Naina Devi stampedeIndia IndiaHimachal Pradesh47 others injured in a stampede at the Naina Devi temple after a rain shelter collapsed, which worshipers mistakenly took to be a landslide.
1114 September 2008UnnamedDemocratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of CongoButemboRumors of players using witchcraft led to rioting at a football match which was dispersed by police using tear gas, causing the crush.[66]
22430 September 20082008 Jodhpur stampedeIndia IndiaJodhpur425 others injured at the Chamunda Devi temple in a panic caused by a rumor that a bomb was planted in the temple complex.[67] Local authorities, however, blamed steep, slippery slopes leading to the temple.[68]
202 October 2008UnnamedTanzania TanzaniaTaboraChildren died in a crush in an overcrowded children's dance hall.[69]
4 21 March 2009 Unnamed Russia Russia Pervouralsk Crush at a discotheque. 3 of the dead were schoolgirls. 8 people were injured.[70]
1929 March 2009Houphouët-Boigny Arena stampedeIvory Coast Côte d'IvoireAbidjan130 others injured as fans tried to squeeze into the stadium for a World Cup qualifier between Côte d'Ivoire and Malawi.[71]
88 December 2009UnnamedChina ChinaXiangxiang, Hunan Province7 boys and one girl aged between 11 and 14 years old were killed and 26 injured in result of a crush in Yucai Middle School. 52 evening classes were dismissed at the same time, and the crush occurred when most of the students tried to exit down the same stairwell. It was raining outside, and that particular stairwell was closest to the dormitories.[72]

2010s

Est. Deaths Date Name Country Place Description
714 March 2010Pratapgarh stampedeIndia IndiaKunda Pratapgarh, Uttar PradeshOver 200 others injured at Ram Janki Temple in a crush after the gates of the temple collapsed.
2124 July 2010Love Parade disasterGermany GermanyDuisburgMore than 500 others injured during crowd turbulences.[73]
34722 November 2010Phnom Penh stampedeCambodia CambodiaPhnom PenhCrowd crush during a water festival near the Royal Palace.
10215 January 20112011 Sabarimala crowd crushIndia IndiaKerala100 others injured by a crowd crush near Sabarimala temple.
1212 February 2011UnnamedNigeria NigeriaPort HarcourtCrush after a PDP political rally after guards did not open a larger gate, and shot into the air to try to disperse the crowds.[74][75]
168 November 2011UnnamedIndia IndiaHaridwar, UttarakhandCrush during a religious ceremony on the banks of the Ganges river.[76]
741 February 2012Port Said Stadium riotEgypt EgyptPort SaidIn the Port Said Stadium, Al Masry fans attacked Al-Ahly fans during an Egyptian Premier League football match, caused a crush that left 200 others injured.[77]
1819 November 2012UnnamedIndia IndiaPatna, BiharCrush occurred during Chhath Puja at the Adalat Ganj area ghat. At least 20 more were also injured, several critically. While it was originally believed that a collapsed bamboo bridge was the cause, later investigations determined that electricity being cut to the ghat was what led to panic.[78][79]
601 January 20132013 Houphouët-Boigny stampedeIvory Coast Côte d'IvoireAbidjan26 children among those killed, and more than 200 injured at the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny during a New Year's fireworks celebration.[80]
101 January 2013UnnamedAngola AngolaLuanda120 others injured as they tried to enter the overcrowded Estádio da Cidadela for a New Year's Eve vigil.[81]
24227 January 2013Kiss nightclub fireBrazil BrazilSanta Maria, Rio Grande do Sul168 others injured as a result of a nightclub fire. According to local authorities the fire began on stage after members of the band flared a pyrotechnic device that ignited flammable acoustic foam in the ceiling. Other reasons for the high death toll included the lack of emergency exits and the excessive number of people present.[82]
3610 February 20132013 Kumbh Mela stampedeIndia IndiaAllahabadDuring the Hindu festival of Kumbh Mela, a crowd crush at the train station injured 39 others.[83]
1714 July 2013UnnamedIndonesia IndonesiaNabire, PapuaSpectators died escaping the Kota Lama Sport Stadium when a riot broke out after a boxing match.[84]
11513 October 20132013 Madhya Pradesh stampedeIndia IndiaDatia district, Madhya PradeshDuring the Hindu festival Navratri, a crush near the Ratangarh Mata Temple injured more than 100 others.[85]
282 November 2013UnnamedNigeria NigeriaUke, Anambra stateShortly after a vigil at the Holy Ghost Adoration Center, 200 others injured in a crush on one of the narrow roads leading out of the town, though the center was over capacity.[86][87][88]
145 January 2014UnnamedChina ChinaXiji County, NingxiaCrush at the Beida Mosque due to mismanagement of crowds at the commemoration of a late religious figure.[89]
1818 January 20142014 Mumbai stampedeIndia IndiaMumbaiAt least 40 more were injured, when crowds coming to mourn Muslim spiritual leader Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin became trapped against a gate at his residence.[90]
2415 March 20142014 Nigeria Immigration Service recruitment tragedyNigeria NigeriaVariousUp to 24 recruits were killed and more than 119 were injured at several stadiums and other venues across Nigeria when 520,000 applicants were invited to take the aptitude test and physical exercises in order to get one of 4,556 available positions with the Nigerian Immigration Service. As many as one million might have shown up for the event at one of its 37 sites. In many cases, security forces fired their rifles into the air for crowd control, which triggered deadly panics. In at least one location the release of teargas had the same effect. In several locations there was no effective queuing, and all candidates had to enter the stadium through a single door.[91][92]
1425 April 2014UnnamedDemocratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of CongoKikwitDuring a memorial concert for singer King Kester Emeneya, power was lost to the stadium and a crush formed at the exit.[93]
1511 May 20142014 Stade Tata Raphaël disasterDemocratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of CongoKinshasaCrush at a football match between TP Mazembe and Vita Club when police fired a tear gas canister in order to control the crowds.[94]
3429 July 2014UnnamedGuinea GuineaConakryCrush at the end of a rap concert after the attendees tried to leave the venue through a small gate.[95][96]
323 October 20142014 Patna stampedeIndia IndiaPatna26 others injured in a crowd crush shortly after the Dussehra celebrations at the Gandhi Maidan.[97]
710 October 20142014 Multan stampedePakistan PakistanMultan District, Punjab40 others injured as a result of a crush at Ibn-e-Qasim Bagh Stadium after a speech of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party chairman, Imran Khan. The latter alleged that only two gates of the venue were opened at the end of the rally and the lights were also switched off, but this was later denied by the DCO and local authorities.[98]
1121 November 2014Kwekwe stadium stampedeZimbabwe ZimbabweKwekwe40 others injured in a crush during a religious service.[99]
3631 December 20142014 Shanghai stampedeChina ChinaShanghai42 others injured in a crush during New Year's celebrations at The Bund.[100][101]
288 February 201530 June Stadium stampedeEgypt EgyptCairoCrush at a football game between Zamalek and ENPPI.[102][103]
1617 February 20152015 Haiti Carnival stampedeHaiti HaitiPort-au-PrinceCrush during the Shrove Tuesday festival after a man was electrocuted by high-voltage wires.
239 July 2015UnnamedBangladesh BangladeshMymensingh50 others injured following a crush at a free clothing drive.[104][105]
2714 July 2015UnnamedIndia IndiaGodavari River, Andhra PradeshPilgrims died in a crush on the banks of the Godavari River. The Hindu pilgrims had gathered to take a dip in the river at the start of the Maha Pushkaralu festival.[106]
1110 August 2015UnnamedIndia IndiaJharkhandAt least 50 more injured when people rushing the queue crushed those who fell and were asleep at the Baidyanath Temple.[107][108]
2,400+24 September 20152015 Mina stampedeSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaMinaOvercrowding incident during the Hajj pilgrimage. A further 934 were injured.[109]
1225 October 2015UnnamedAfghanistan AfghanistanTaloqanGirls aged ten to fifteen were killed and another 42 were injured in a crush on a stairway while trying to escape the school during the 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake.[110][111]
3002 October 20162016 Ethiopian protestsEthiopia EthiopiaVariousOccurred during the annual thanksgiving festival of the Oromo people after police confronted protesters during the 2016 Ethiopian protests, resulting in a crush.[112] The opposition political party Oromo Federalist Congress, claimed the number of people confirmed dead was 678. While the government claimed only tear gas and rubber bullets were fired by security forces on the ground as well as from the helicopter, eyewitness as well as some videos allegedly from the scene show security forces firing what seemed to be live rounds of ammunition.
2415 October 2016UnnamedIndia IndiaVaranasiOccurred near the Rajghat Bridge when many times the expected number of people were heading towards a religious retreat, causing a crush, and later a stampede due to rumors that the bridge had collapsed.[113][114]
614 January 2017UnnamedIndia IndiaSagar Island, West BengalOccurred while pilgrims were trying to board vessels to Kolkata ahead of high tide, after a religious festival on the island.[115][116]
1710 February 2017UnnamedAngola AngolaUígeAt least 61 others injured, during a crush in the Estádio 4 de Janeiro ahead of the opening match of the Angolan football season while trying to enter the stadium before a match between Santa Rita de Cássia FC and Recreativo do Libolo.[117]
86 March 2017UnnamedZambia ZambiaLusaka28 others injured during a crush over food aid from a church group.[118]
402 June 2017Resorts World Manila attackPhilippines PhilippinesPasay, Metro ManilaCrush during the evacuation of the Resorts World Manila complex after a gunman opened fire and burned casino gambling equipment.
86 July 2017UnnamedMalawi MalawiLilongwe7 of the dead were children. At least 40 others injured during a crush at the Bingu National Stadium during the nation's independence day celebrations while trying to enter before a match between Nyasa Big Bullets and Silver Strikers F.C.[119][120]
815 July 2017UnnamedSenegal SenegalDakar60 more injured in a crush when a wall collapsed at Demba Diop stadium as police fired tear gas at both sets of fans after a Senegalese League Cup final game between US Ouakam and Stade de Mbour.[121][122]
2229 September 2017UnnamedIndia IndiaMumbaiHundreds more injured in a crush following heavy rains in a footbridge between Parel and Elphinstone road stations.[123]
1519 November 2017UnnamedMorocco MoroccoSidi Boulaalam15 women were killed and 40 women injured after breaking down barriers during a food-aid distribution.[124][125]
1018 December 2017UnnamedBangladesh BangladeshChittagongAt least 50 more injured during a funeral ritual for former mayor A.B.M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury when people tried to rush down a sloped gateway into the Rima Community Center.[126]
1014 May 2018UnnamedBangladesh BangladeshChittagongA further 50 were injured in a crush while collecting alms before Ramadan.[127]
1916 June 2018El Paraíso stampedeVenezuela VenezuelaCaracasStampede after a tear gas canister was detonated in a crowded club.[128]
68 December 2018Corinaldo stampedeItaly ItalyCorinaldo, MarcheDozens more injured in a crush as concertgoers tried to leave the packed Lanterna Azzurra club after pepper spray was fired inside.[129]
1626 June 20192019 Antananarivo crushMadagascar MadagascarAntananarivo101 more injured in a crush before a concert on the country's 59th Independence Day at the Mahamasina Municipal Stadium. The show was about to start and people believed they could enter the stadium and began to push, but the police left the doors closed.[130]
3110 September 2019Karbala stampedeIraq IraqKarbalaPilgrims killed and at least 100 others injured in a crush near a major Shiite shrine while marking Ashura.[131]
91 December 2019UnnamedBrazil BrazilSão PauloCrush at a funk music party at Paraisópolis, São Paulo after police entered the venue in pursuit of suspects, causing panic.[132][133]

2020s

Est. Deaths Date Name Country Place Description
567 January 2020Qasem Soleimani funeral stampedeIran IranKerman200 more injured in a crush at the funeral of general Qasem Soleimani.[134]
201 February 2020UnnamedTanzania TanzaniaMoshi16 more injured in crush at a church when more than 4,500 attendees were being ushered through an exit so that they could walk on "anointed oil" during a prayer meeting[135]
144 February 2020Kakamega Primary School stampedeKenya KenyaKakamegaPupils killed in a staircase crush when they were leaving for the day.[136]
2017 February 2020UnnamedNiger NigerDiffaCrush while relief aid was being distributed, mostly to refugees from Nigeria.[137]
1322 August 2020Los Olivos stampedePeru PeruLima6 others injured in the Los Olivos District, when the police raided the Thomas Restobar nightclub to break up an illegal gathering amid the COVID-19 pandemic.[138][139]
1521 October 2020Afghanistan Visa crushAfghanistan AfghanistanJalalabadAt least 15 killed (11 women) and many more injured in a crowd crush at a stadium, after thousands of people gathered to apply for permits to Pakistan when visa applications resumed after a seven-month pause due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[140][141]
4521 March 20212021 Dar es Salaam stampedeTanzania TanzaniaDar es SalaamCrush at Uhuru Stadium at the wake of President John Magufuli.
4530 April 20212021 Meron stampedeIsrael IsraelMeronDozens more critically wounded in a crush at the annual Meron pilgrimage during Lag BaOmer. Organizers estimated that 100,000 people, the vast majority of whom were Ultra-Orthodox Jews, arrived on the night of 29 April.[142][143]
10[144]5 November 2021Astroworld Festival crowd crushUnited States United StatesHoustonNumerous others injured in a crowd surge at the Astroworld Festival hosted by rapper Travis Scott at NRG Park. 300 people were treated for injuries, and 11 people suffered cardiac arrest.[145]
121 January 2022Vaishno Devi Temple stampedeIndia IndiaJammu and Kashmir16 more injured during a crush at a Hindu shrine, triggered by a heavy rush of people coming to celebrate the New Year.[146]
824 January 2022Yaoundé football crushCameroon CameroonYaoundéCrush at Olembe Stadium to watch a 2021 Africa Cup of Nations football match between Cameroon and Comoros.[147]
3128 May 2022Port Harcourt stampedeNigeria NigeriaPort HarcourtCrush at a charity event at Port Harcourt Polo Club organised by Kings Assembly Pentecostal Church. Hundreds of people who had arrived hoping to receive free food and clothing broke through a fence, causing a panic.[148][149]
4114 August 2022Giza church fireEgypt EgyptGizaA fire at the Abu Sefein Church caused panic and a crowd crush.[150]
1351 October 2022Kanjuruhan Stadium disasterIndonesia IndonesiaMalang, East JavaFootball fans were killed while fleeing from tear gas fired inside the stadium after a Super East Java Derby between Arema FC versus Persebaya Surabaya ended in a riot.[151][152]
15929 October 2022Seoul Halloween crowd crushSouth Korea South KoreaSeoulCrush at a narrow alley in the Itaewon district during Halloween celebrations; at least 172 more people were injured.[153][154][155] In December 2022, the death of one survivor from suicide was ruled by authorities to have been caused by the disaster, legally declaring him the 159th victim.[156]
1130 October 2022UnnamedDemocratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of CongoKinshasaCrush at a concert headlined by music star Fally Ipupa[157] at the Martyrs' Stadium
728 December 2022UnnamedIndia IndiaKandukur, Andhra PradeshCrush at a political rally as crowds gathered to hear a speech by former Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu.[158]
91 January 2023Freedom City mall crushUganda UgandaKampalaCrowds rushing to see a New Year's firework display got stuck in a narrow corridor in a shopping mall.[159]
1623-31 March 20232023 Pakistan ration distribution stampedesPakistan PakistanVariousCrushes as people gathered at distribution centers nationwide to receive charitable aid during Ramadan[160]
9019 April 2023Sanaa stampedeYemen YemenSanaaArmed Houthis fired into the air in an attempt at crowd control during a Ramadan charity distribution event and hit an electrical wire, which exploded and caused panic among those waiting. More than 300 others were injured.[161][162]
1220 May 2023San Salvador crowd crushEl Salvador El SalvadorSan SalvadorDuring a Primera División football match between Alianza F.C. and C.D. FAS, fans tried to enter Estadio Cuscatlán after the gates had been closed, leading to a crush after they overran the barricades. More than 500 others were injured.[163]
12 25 August 2023 Unnamed Madagascar Madagascar Antananarivo During the opening of the 11th Indian Ocean Island Games a crush occurred at the Barea Stadium’s C5 gate as people tried to enter the already full stadium resulting in more than 80 other injuries.[164]
32 20 November 2023 2023 Brazzaville crowd crush Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Brazzaville Army applicants forcibly entered the Michel d'Ornano stadium during a recruitment drive, resulting in a crush that also injured 145.[165]

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