1946 Philippine Senate election

April 23, 1946

16 (of the 24) seats in the Senate
13 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader José Avelino Carlos P. Garcia Vicente Sotto
Party Liberal Nacionalista Popular Front
Seats before 3 (1 up) 20 (9 up) 0
Seats won 9 6 1
Seats after 10 13 1
Seat change Increase 6 Decrease 3 Increase 1
Popular vote 8,626,965 7,454,074 1,199,138
Percentage 47.7% 41.2% 6.6%

Senate President before election

Manuel Roxas
Liberal

Elected Senate President

José Avelino
Liberal

Elections for the members of the Senate were held on April 23, 1946, in the Philippines (pursuant to Commonwealth Act No. 725).

Background

Soon after the reconstitution of the Commonwealth Government in 1945 Senators Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino and their allies called for an early national election to choose the president and vice president of the Philippines and members of the Congress. In December 1945, the House Insular Affairs of the United States Congress approved the joint resolution setting the election date at not later than April 30, 1946.

Prompted by this congressional action, President Sergio Osmeña called the Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Congress enacted Commonwealth Act No. 725, setting the election on April 23, 1946, and was approved by President Osmeña on January 5, 1946.

There are 24 seats in the Senate, with eight seats up every election for every three years starting from the first election in 1941. Of the results in that election, the first eight would have served for six years, the next eight for four years, and the last eight for two years. Due to the intervention of World War II and the destruction of records, this election was the next election since 1941, and that lots were drawn on the 16 seats that would have been up in this election, and those eight seats that would be up in 1947. Of the sixteen seats up in this election, the first eight would serve until 1951, while the last eight would serve until 1949.

Retiring incumbents

Nacionalista Party

  1. Antonio de las Alas
  2. Nicolas Buendia
  3. Ramon J. Fernandez
  4. Domingo Imperial
  5. Rafael Martinez
  6. Jose Yulo

Nacionalista Party (Liberal wing)

  1. Quintin Paredes
    • Ran for representative from Abra and won
  2. Elpidio Quirino
    • Ran for vice president of the Philippines and won
  3. Manuel Roxas
    • Ran for president of the Philippines and won

Mid-term vacancies

  1. Daniel Maramba (Nacionalista), died on December 28, 1941
  2. Jose Ozamiz (Nacionalista), executed on February 11, 1944

Senators running elsewhere

  1. Eulogio Rodriguez (Nacionalista) ran for vice president of the Philippines and lost

Results

The election was generally peaceful and orderly except in some places where passions ran high, especially in the province of Pampanga. According to the controversial decision of the Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives on Meliton Soliman vs. Luis Taruc, Pampanga "was under the terroristic clutches and control of the Hukbalahaps. So terrorized were the people of Arayat, at one time, 200 persons abandoned their homes, their work, and their food, all their belongings in a mass evacuation to the poblacion due to fear and terror."

The dominant Nacionalista Party was divided into two wings in this election. The Liberal wing was led by Senate President Manuel Roxas, while the original Nacionalista Party was headed by President Sergio Osmeña. Roxas defeated Osmeña in the concurrent presidential election, while Roxas's running mate Senator Elpidio Quirino defeated Osmeña's running mate Senator Eulogio Rodriguez.

In the Senate elections, the Liberal wing won nine seats, the original Nacionalista Party won six seats, and the Popular Front won one.

These senators from Liberal wing defended their seats: Melecio Arranz, Mariano Jesus Cuenco, and Ramon Torres. Carlos P. Garcia was the sole senator from the original Nacionalista Party to defend his seat.

Newcomer senators include the Liberal wing's topnotcher Vicente J. Francisco, Jose Avelino, Olegario Clarin, Enrique Magalona, and Salidapa Pendatun. Neophytes from the original Nacionalista Party are Tomas Confesor, Alejo Mabanag, Tomas Cabili, and Ramon Diokno. Newcomer Vicente Sotto was the sole candidate of the Popular Front elected.

Jose Vera of the original Nacionalista Party, who last served in the Senate when it was abolished in 1935, is the sole senator to make a comeback.

The Liberal Party won nine out of 16 contested senatorial seats; the first eight senators would serve until 1951, and the second eight until 1949:

123456789101112131415161718192021222324
Before election ‡^ ‡^
Election result Not up LP PF NP Not up
After election * * * * + + + + * * * *

Key:

  • ‡ Seats up
  • ^ Vacancy
  • + Gained by a party from another party
  • √ Held by the incumbent
  • * Held by the same party with a new senator
 Summary of the April 23, 1946 Senatorial election results
Rank Candidate Party Votes
1.Vicente Francisco Liberal735,671
2.Vicente Sotto Popular Front717,225
3.José Avelino Liberal708,420
4.Melecio Arranz Liberal666,700
5.Ramon Torres Liberal640,477
6.Tomás Confesor Nacionalista627,354
7.Mariano Jesús Cuenco Liberal623,650
8.Carlos P. Garcia Nacionalista617,542
9.Olegario Clarin Liberal611,227
10.Alejo Mabanag Nacionalista608,902
11.Enrique Magalona Liberal591,796
12.Tomas Cabili Nacionalista589,762
13.José O. Vera Nacionalista588,993
14.Ramón Diokno Nacionalista584,598
15.José E. Romeroa Nacionalista563,816
16.Salipada Pendatun Liberal557,156
17.Prospero Sanidadb Liberal556,772
18.Vicente dela Cruz Liberal544,621
19.Servillano dela Cruz Liberal536,995
20.Pedro Magsalin Liberal516,127
21.Antonio Paguia Laborite505,770
22.Santiago Fonacier Nacionalista499,565
23.Antonio Araneta Nacionalista491,054
24.Emilio M. Javier Popular Front481,913
25.Eduardo Cojuangco Sr Liberal481,683
26.Pedro S. Reyes Nacionalista465,987
27.Jose Altavas Nacionalista461,014
28.Rafael Martinez Nacionalista449,534
29.Vicente Lava Liberal431,842
30.Mariano Garchitorena Liberal423,828
31.Pedro Insua Nacionalista403,561
32.Pascual Azanza Nacionalista397,835
33.Carlos Padilla Sr. Partido Modernista75,066
34.Dionesio Gutierrez Nacionalista49,037
35.Francisco Zandueta Independent Nacionalista47,802
36.Ramon Lopez Democratic Alliance44,718
37.Vicente Ocampo Partido Modernista43,872
38.Jose C. Soto Partido Modernista35,408
39.Asa-ad Usman Nacionalista28,924
40.Timoteo Consing Nacionalista27,597
41.Emilia T. Del Rosario Partido Modernista25,586
42.Manuel Silos Partido Modernista23,344
43.Miguel Anzures Partido Modernista20,441
44.Jose Climaco Partido Modernista20,231
45.Ismael Golez National Welfare Service Party17,069
46.Dominador Santiago Partido Modernista16,553
47.Casiano Rosales Partido Modernista14,949
48.Carlos V. Tolosa Partido Modernista13,527
49.Paul Versoza National Welfare Service Party12,094
50.Godofredo Calub Partido Modernista11,498
51.Jesus Infante Partido Modernista10,487
52.Melchor Lagasca National Welfare Service Party10,323
53.Felix E. Rey Partido Modernista9,787
54.Rosendo Zaldarriaga Democratic9,656
55.Pasto Lavadia Liberal7,864
56.Constancio P. Cecilio Partido Modernista7,807
57.Marcelino Josue Partido Modernista4,604
  1. Replaced by Prospero Sanidad, who won an election protest.
  2. ^ Replaced José E. Romero upon winning an election protest.

Per party

The Nacionalistas originally won 7 seats. but an election protest unseated a Nacionalista senator in favor of a Liberal one in 1946.

PartyVotes%Seats
UpBeforeWonAfter+/−
Nacionalista Party (Liberal wing)8,626,96547.7167910+3
Nacionalista Party7,454,07441.22815613−2
Popular Front1,199,1386.630011New
Laborite Party505,7702.8000000
Modernist Party203,2761.1200000
Democratic Alliance44,7180.2500000
Independent47,8020.2600000
Vacancy2200−2
Total18,081,743100.00162416240
Total votes2,569,880
Registered voters/turnout2,898,60488.66
Source: Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos (15 November 2001).
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific
. ISBN 9780199249596.

& Julio Teehankee. "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). quezon.ph.
Vote share
LP
47.71%
NP
41.22%
PF
6.63%
Others
4.43%
Senate seats
LP
56.25%
NP
37.50%
PF
6.25%
Others
0.00%

See also

References

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