Po dolinam i po vzgoriam (Russian: По долинам и по взгорьям, lit.'Through valleys and over hills'; Serbo-Croatian: Po šumama i gorama, По шумама и горама, lit.'Through forests and over hills'), also known as Partisan's Song, is a popular Red Army song from the Russian Civil War.

Pyotr Parfyonov wrote the latest version of the song after the 1922 Battle of Volochayevka.[1]

The song has many versions in other languages, including Serbo-Croatian, Greek, German, French, Hungarian, Hebrew and Kurdish among others. The song was adapted by the Yugoslav Partisans and used in World War II.

History

Vladimir Gilyarovsky wrote the poem "From the Taiga, the deep Taiga" in 1915 during World War I dedicated to the Siberian Riflemen, with text similar to the well-known version.[2] Gilyarovsky's poem was published that year in several corpuses of Great War's soldiers' songs,[3] and in the post-Soviet era it became known as the March of the Siberian Riflemen.[4]

After the end of the Russian Civil War, the song was popular within the Soviet Union. Later, during World War II, it resurged in popularity among anti-fascist partisan fighters, most prominently among Yugoslav and Soviet partisans.

The song entered the official canon of Soviet songs when the director of the Red Army choir Aleksandr Aleksandrov, together with the poet Sergei Alymov, introduced the song into the choir repertoire. The words of the song were attributed to Alymov. The author of the melody was named as Ilya Aturov, commander of a Red Army unit, from whom Aleksandrov heard the melody of the song. The Red Army choir rendition was distributed on phonograph records. In 1934, a letter from veterans of the Russian Civil War in the Far East was published in the Izvestia central newspaper, naming Pyotr Parfyonov as the original author. Later that year, Parfyonov recalled the story of the creation of the song in the Krasnoarmeyets–Krasnoflotets (lit.'Red Army man and Red Fleet man') magazine. In this article, Parfyonov wrote that he borrowed the melody from his earlier 1914 song Na Suchane (lit.'On the Suchan'), and penned the verses to Po dolinam i po vzgoriam after the Red takeover of Vladivostok in early 1920. However, he was arrested in 1935 and executed in 1937 as part of the Great Purge.[5] The song continued to be published attributed to Alymov and Aturov until the Supreme Court of the Russian SFSR confirmed Parfyonov's authorship in 1962.[6][2]

Decades after the end of the Russian Civil War, White émigré accounts were published that included the lyrics to a White variation of the song, the March of the Drozdovites, claimed to have been written by White colonel Pyotr Batorin in commemoration of the Jassy-Don March. These accounts claimed that the composer Dmitry Pokrass was ordered to write the tune of the march by Colonel Anton Turkul during the White occupation of Kharkov in 1919.[7]

The song is commonly played by the Alexandrov Ensemble. In the Middle East, the Russian song also got Hebrew texts written by the poets Avraham Shlonsky - Halokh halkha hevraya - a translation after Alexander Blok, which in several mobilizing versions served the Zionist Socialist Hashomer Hatzair movement and the Palestinian Communist Youth (now BANKI) movement in the Mandatory Palestine and then in Israel - and Didi Menosi - Mul gesher hanahar - which is known in the interpretation by the Israeli Gevatron ensemble. The music was used also as the first melody for the anthem of Palmakh Jewish shock units in Palestine.[8] In the 1960s, French anarchist Étienne Roda-Gil penned a version dedicated to the Makhnovshchina.[9]

Lyrics

Through Valleys and Over Hills

RussianTransliterationEnglish (Literal)

По долинам и по взгорьям
Шла дивизия вперёд,
Чтобы с боя взять Приморье —
Белой армии оплот

Наливалися знамена
Кумачом последних ран,
Шли лихие эскадроны
Приамурских партизан.

Этих лет не смолкнет слава,
Не померкнет никогда —
Партизанские отряды
Занимали города.

И останутся, как в сказках,
Как манящие огни
Штурмовые ночи Спасска,
Волочаевские дни.

Разгромили атаманов,
Разогнали воевод
И на Тихом океане
Свой закончили поход.

Po dolinam i po vzgoriam
Shla diviziia vpered,
Chtoby s boia vziat Primore —
Beloi armii oplot.

Nalivalisia znamena
Kumachom poslednikh ran,
Shli likhie eskadrony
Priamurskikh partizan.

Etikh let ne smolknet slava,
Ne pomerknet nikogda —
Partizanskie otriady
Zanimali goroda.

I ostanutsia, kak v skazkakh,
Kak maniashchie ogni,
Shturmovye nochi Spasska,
Volochaevskie dni.

Razgromili atamanov,
Razognali voevod,
I na Tikhom okeane
Svoi zakonchili pokhod.

Across the valleys and across the hills
The divisions marched forward,
To capture Primorye in battle —
The stronghold of the White Army.

The banners fell
In the bunting of the last wounds
Went dashing divisions
Of the partisans of Amur.

The glory of those years will never fade,
No, they shall never fade —
As the partisan troops
Captured the cities.

They will remain legends,
Like alluring lights
Through the storming nights of Spassk
and the days of Volochaevka.

[We] defeated the atamans,
The voevodes were dispersed
And on the Pacific Ocean
We ended our campaign.

From the Taiga, the Deep Taiga

Russian Transliteration English (Literal)

Из тайги, тайги дремучей
От Амура, от реки
Молчаливой, грозной тучей,
Шли на бой сибиряки.

Их сурово воспитала
Молчаливая тайга,
Бури грозные Байкала,
И сибирские снега.

Ни усталости, ни страха,
Бьются ночь и бьются день,
Только серая папаха
Лихо сбита набекрень.

Эх, Сибирь, Сибирь родная,
За тебя ль мы постоим,
Волнам Рейна и Дуная
Твой привет передадим!

Iz taigi, taigi dremuchei
Ot Amura, ot reki
Molchalivoi, groznoi tuchei,
Shli na boy sibiryaki.

Ikh surovo vospitala
Molchalivaia taiga,
Buri groznye Baikala,
I sibirskie snega.

Ni ustalosti, ni strakha,
Biutsia noch i biutsia den,
Tolko seraia papakha
Likho sbita nabekren.

Ekh, Sibir, Sibir rodnaia,
Za tebia my postoim.
Volnam Reina i Dunaia
Tvoi poklon peredadim!

From the taiga, the deep taiga
From the Amur, from the river
Like a silent, fearsome cloud
Siberians march to battle.

They have been sternly raised
By the silent taiga,
By the fearsome storms of Baikal,
And Siberian snows.

With neither fatigue nor fear
Fighting day and night long,
Only their gray papakhas
Are dashingly worn askew.

Oh, Siberia, dear Siberia,
We'll stand up for you.
To the waves of the Rhine and the Danube
We'll give you our regards!

French lyrics

March of the Siberian Riflemen

French English

Dans le froid et la famine,
Par les villes et par les champs,
A l'appel de Dénikine,
Marchaient les Partisans Blancs.
 
Sabrant les troupes bolcheviques,
En ralliant les Atamans.
Dans leurs campagnes épiques,
Ils traquaient Trotsky tremblant.
 
C'est pour la Sainte Russie,
Pour la vieille tradition,
Pour la gloire et la patrie,
Que luttaient ces bataillons.
 
Votre gloire est immortelle,
Volontaires et Officiers Blancs,
Et votre agonie cruelle,
La honte de l'occident.

In the cold and the famine,
By the cities and by the fields,
At the call of Denikin,
Marched the White Partisans,
 
Slashing Bolshevik troupes,
by rallying the Atamans.
In their epic campaigns,
they were hunting down trembling Trotsky.
 
It is for a Holy Russia,
For the old traditions,
For the glory and the motherland,
That these battalions were fighting.
 
Your glory is immortal,
White Volunteers and Officers,
And our cruel agony,
The shame of the west.

La Makhnovtchina

FrenchEnglish translation

Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina
Tes drapeaux sont noirs dans le vent
ils sont noirs de notre peine
ils sont rouges de notre sang.

Par les monts et par les plaines
dans la neige et dans le vent
à travers toute l'Ukraine
se levaient nos partisans.

Au Printemps les traités de Lénine
Ont livré l'Ukraine aux Allemands
A l'automne la Makhnovtchina
Les avait jeté au vent.

L'armée blanche de Denikine
est entrée en Ukraine en chantant
mais bientôt la Makhnovtchina
l'a dispersée dans le vent.

Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina
Armée noire de nos partisans
Qui combattait en Ukraine
contre les rouges et les blancs.

Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina
Armée noire de nos partisans
qui voulait chasser d'Ukraine
à jamais tous les tyrans.

Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina
Your flags are black in the wind
they are black with our pain
they are red with our blood.

Through the mountains and through the plains
in the snow and in the wind
all over Ukraine
our supporters rose.

In the Spring Lenin's Treatises
Delivered Ukraine to the Germans
In the fall the Makhnovtchina
Tossed them to the wind.

Denikin's White Army
entered Ukraine singing
but soon the Makhnovtchina
scattered it in the wind.

Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina
Black army of our partisans
Who was fighting in Ukraine
against the Reds and Whites.

Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina
Black army of our partisans
who wanted to drive out of Ukraine
forever all tyrants.

Serbo-Croatian lyrics

Po šumama i gorama

Memorial plaque to Zora and her brother Mirko Kovačević, the author of this version of the song, who later died as one of the most experienced 1st Split Partisan Detachment members; Obilićevo, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (their hometown)
Serbo-Croatian (Latin / Cyrillic)[10][lower-alpha 1]English translation

Po šumama i gorama
naše zemlje ponosne
idu čete partizana,
Slavu borbe pronose!

Mi smo djeca vjerna rodu
i ko jedan spremni svi
da u borbi za slobodu
umiremo svjesno mi!


Neka čuje[lower-alpha 2] dušman kleti
krvavi se vodi rat,[lower-alpha 3]
Prije ćemo mi umrijeti
Nego svoje zemlje dat'!

Kaznićemo izdajice,
Oslobodit' narod svoj,
Kazaćemo cijelom svijetu
Da se bije ljuti boj!

Crne horde nas ne plaše,
Krv herojska u nas vri,
Mi ne damo zemlje naše
Da je gaze fašisti!

Zgazit ćemo izdajice,
i prihvatit' ljuti boj,
spasit' kuće, oranice,
oslobodit' narod svoj.

По шумама и горама
наше земље поносне
иду чете партизана,
Славу борбе проносе!

Ми смо дјеца вјерна роду
и ко један спремни сви
да у борби за слободу
умиремо свјесно ми!


Нека чује душман клети
крвави се води рат,
Прије ћемо ми умријети
Него своје земље дат'!

Казнићемо издајице,
Ослободит' народ свој,
Казаћемо цијелом свијету
Да се бије љути бој!

Црне хорде нас не плаше,
Крв херојска у нас ври,
Ми не дамо земље наше
Да је газе фашисти!

Згазит ћемо издајице
и прихватит' љути бој,
спасит' куће, оранице,
ослободит' народ свој.

Throughout forests and mountains
of our proud country
troops of Partisans are passing by,
spreading the glory of struggle!

We are children loyal to our family
and all of us are as one ready,
that in the fight for freedom
we die consciously!


Let the cursed foe know
A bloody war is waged
We will rather die
Than give our land!

We will punish the traitors
And free all our people,
We will tell the entire world
That a bitter fight is fought!

Black hordes don’t scare us
Heroic blood boils in our veins
We don’t allow our lands
To be trampled by fascists!

We will trample down the traitors
and accept the furious battle,
save houses, arable land,
liberate our people.

Alternative version

Basil Davidson recites alternative lyrics as he heard them from Yugoslav Partisans in his 1946 book Partisan Picture:[11]

Serbo-Croatian (Latin / Cyrillic)English translation

Partizan sam tim se dičim:
To ne može biti svak
Umrijeti za slobodu,
Može samo div-junak.

Puška mi je drugarica,
Mitraljez mi moji brat:
Svakog časa odjim na straži,
Da tiranu skršim vrat.

Narodu sam zavjet dao,
Ja, narodni partizan:
Da ću čuvat' stijeg slobode,
Boriti se noć i dan.

Партизан сам тим се дичим:
То не може бити свак
Умријети за слободу,
Може само див-јунак.

Пушка ми је другарица,
Митраљез ми моји брат:
Сваког часа одјим на стражи,
Да тирану скршим врат.

Народу сам завјет дао,
Ја, народни партизан:
Да ћу чуват' стијег слободе,
Борити се ноћ и дан.

I'm a Partisan; of that I am proud.
Not everyone can be that,
To die for freedom
Only a giant-hero can!

The rifle is my friend,
Machine gun my brother:
Every hour I am on guard,
To break the tyrant's neck.

I made a vow to the people,
I, the people's partisan:
That I will guard the flag of freedom,
Fight night and day.

Greek lyrics

GreekTransliterationEnglish translation

Παρτιζάνοι προχωρείτε
Μεσ' τους κάμπους, στα βουνά
Να κερδίσουμε τη μάχη
Ν' ανατείλει η λευτεριά.

Από κάμπους και λαγκάδια
κατεβαίνει η αγροτιά,
μ'υψωμένα τα δρεπάνια
χαιρετάει την εργατιά.

Χρόνια τώρα εμείς σκυμμένοι
σκάβουμε τη μαύρη Γης
και τα πλούτη μας τα παίρνουν
οι τυράννοι οι αστοί.

Ό,τι βλέπουμε μπροστά μας
απ'τα χρόνια τα παλιά,
στη δουλειά μας τα χρωστάμε,
ζήτω-ζήτω η εργατιά!

Ας ξεχάσουμε τα μίση
ολα εκείνα τα παλιά,
κι ας υψώσουμε τα ξίφη
όλοι για τη λευτεριά.

Partizáni prohoríte
Mes' tus kámbus, sta vuná
Na kerdhísume ti máhi
N' anatíli i lefteriá.

Apó kámbus ke langádhia
Katevéni i aghrotiá,
M'ipsoména ta dhrapánia
Heretái tin erghatiá.

Hrónia tóra emís skymméni
Skávume ti mávri Ghis
Ke ta plúti mas ta pérnun
I tiránni i astí.

Ó, ti vlépume brostá mas
ap'ta hrónia ta paliá,
sti dhuliá mas ta hrostáme,
zíto-zíto i erghatiá!

As ksehásume ta mísi
óla ekína ta paliá,
ki as ipsósume ta ksífi
óli ghia ti leifteriá.

Partisans, move forward,
in the meadows and the mountains
so that we can win this battle
for the freedom to rise.

From plains and ravines
comes down the peasant class,
with sickles raised up
they greet the working class.

For years now we have bowed
digging the black Earth
and our riches are taken
by the tyrrants the bourgeois.

Everything we see in front of us
from the old years,
we owe it to our labour
long live-long live the working class!

Let us forget our grudges
all these grudges of old,
and let's raise our swords
all of us for liberty!

Hebrew lyrics

HebrewTransliterationEnglish translation

היא עמדה אל מול גשר הנהר
שעליו הפסיע אתמול
גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים
.ואחד יקר מכל
גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים
.ואחד יקר מכל

את פניו הקפיא רוח הנהר
,אך ליבו עדיין בוער
אלף נערות הכיר הוא
.ואחת יפה יותר
אלף נערות הכיר הוא
.ואחת יפה יותר

השדה שמעבר לנהר
,ערירי כאילו אשם
אלף מצבות עומדות שם
.ואחת מהן בלי שם
אלף מצבות עומדות שם
.ואחת מהן בלי שם

האביב ממיס קרח בנהר
,ובשלל צבעיו מרתק
אלף ילדים שרים לו
.וילדון אחד שותק
אלף ילדים שרים לו
.וילדון אחד שותק

הם עומדים אל מול גשר הנהר
שעליו אי פעם צעד
גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים
.ואחד יקר לעד
גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים
ואחד יקר לעד

hi amda el mul gesher haNahar
she'alav hifsia etmol
gdud shel elef partizanim
ve'echad yakar mikol
gdud shel elef partizanim
ve'echad yakar mikol

et panav hikpi ruach haNahar
akh libo adayin bo'er
elef na'arot hikir hu
ve'achat yaffa yoter
elef nearot hikir hu
ve'achat yaffa yoter

hasadeh she me'ever haNahar
ariri ke'illu ashem
elef matzevot omdot sham
ve'achat mehen bli shem
elef matzevot omdot sham
ve'achat mehen bli shem

ha'Aviv memis kerach baNahar
uBishlal tzva'av meratek
elef yeladim sharim lo
veYaldon echad shotek
elef yeladim sharim lo
veYaldon echad shotek

Hem omdim el mul gesher haNahar
she elav ei pa'am tza'ad
gdud shel elef partizanim
ve echad yakar la'ad
gdud shel elef partizanim
ve echad yakar la'ad

She stood in front of the river bridge,
Which he stepped on yesterday
A battalion of a thousand partisans
And one most precious of all.
A battalion of a thousand partisans
And one most precious of all.

His face froze in the river wind
But his heart is still burning,
A thousand girls he knew
And one more beautiful.
A thousand girls he knew
And one more beautiful.

The field across the river
Barren as if guilty,
A thousand tombstones stand there
And one of them without a name
A thousand tombstones stand there
And one of them without a name

Spring melting of ice in the river
And a variety of fascinating colours,
A thousand children sing it
And one little boy is silent.
A thousand children sing it
And one little boy is silent.

They stand in front of the river bridge
On which a battalion of a thousand partisans
A battalion of a thousand partisans
And one precious forever.
A battalion of a thousand partisans
And one precious forever.

See also

Notes

  1. Strophes marked in italics were also sung during World War II, but usually do not appear in orchestral versions recorded later. The latter italic strophe (sixth from the top) was typically replaced by the fourth strophe instead.
  2. Alternatively in Serbo-Croatian: Neka znade / Нека знаде, lit.'Let [them] know'
  3. Alternatively in Serbo-Croatian: da će kod nas slomit' vrat / да ће код нас сломит' врат, lit.'That they will have their necks broken here'

References

  1. Dmitri Hrustalev 2013 on site Vesti.ru
  2. 1 2 Muravlyov, Anatoly (December 2007). "Судьба автора популярной песни" [The fate of the author of a popular song]. Sibirskiye Ogni (in Russian) (12).
  3. Krylov, V. (1915). Солдатские военные песни Великой Отечественной войны 1914-1915 г.г. (in Russian). Harbin: Trans-Amur Border Guard District. pp. 54–55.
  4. "Сл. В. Гиляровского - Из тайги, тайги дремучей (с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  5. "Парфенов Петр Семенович ::: Мартиролог: Жертвы политических репрессий, расстрелянные и захороненные в Москве и Московской области в период с 1918 по 1953 год". www.sakharov-center.ru. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  6. "Петр Парфенов - Партизанская (По долинам, по загорьям..., с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  7. "Сл. П. Баторина - Марш дроздовцев (Из Румынии походом..., с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  8. Zemereshet- Israeli site of Hebrew music
  9. "Махновщина". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  10. "Po šumama i gorama". Zagreb: Antifašistički vjesnik. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  11. Davidson, Basil (1946). "3.2. Spring 1944 Beyond the Danube: Srem Our Oyster". Partisan Picture. Bedford Books. ISBN 0900406003. OCLC 2019137.
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