The Southern dynasties (Chinese: 南朝; pinyin: náncháo) describe a succession of Chinese empires that coexisted alongside a series of Northern dynasties. The era is generally described as the Northern and Southern dynasties, lasting from 420–589 AD after the Jin and before the Sui dynasty.

The Southern dynasties were as follows:

The Western Liang (555–587 AD) was a rump successor to the Liang dynasty and is typically not regarded as a legitimate regime that bore the Mandate of Heaven.

Emperors of the Southern dynasties

Posthumous names (Shi Hao 諡號)Birth namesPeriods of reignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Liu Song dynasty (420–479)
Convention: Song + posthumous name, sometimes except Liu Yu who was referred using personal name.
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) Liu Yu (劉裕 liu3 yu4) 420–422 Yongchu (永初 yong3 chu1) 420–422
Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) Liu Yi Fu (劉義符 liu3 yi4 fu2) 423–424 Jingping (景平 jing3 ping2) 423–424
Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4) Liu Yi Long (劉義隆 liu3 yi4 long2) 424–453 Yuanjia (元嘉 yaun2 jia1) 424–453
Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao1 wu3 di4) Liu Jun (劉駿 liu3 jun4) 454–464 Xiaojian (元嘉 xiao1 jian4) 454–456
Daming (大明 da4 ming2) 457–464
Qian Fei Di (前廢帝 qian2 fei4 di4) Liu Zi Ye (劉子業 liu3 zi5 ye4) 465 Yongguang (永光 yong3 guang1) 465
Jinghe (景和 jing3 he2) 465
Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) Liu Yu (劉彧 liu3 yu4) 465–472 Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 465–471
Taiyu (泰豫 tai4 yu4) 472
Hou Fei Di (後廢帝 hou4 fei4 di4 or Cang Wu Wang (蒼梧王 cang1 wu2 wang2) Liu Yu (劉昱 liu3 yu4) 473–477 Yuanhui (元徽 yuan2 hui1) 473–477
Shun Di (順帝 shun4 di4) Liu Zhun (劉準 liu3 zhun3) 477–479 Shengming (昇明 sheng1 ming2) 477–479
Southern Qi dynasty 479–502
Convention: Qi + posthumous name
Gao Di (高帝 gao1 di4) Xiao Dao Cheng (蕭道成 xiao1 dao4 cheng2) 479–482 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 479–482
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 jing4 di4) Xiao Ze (蕭賾 xiao1 ze2) 483–493 Yongming (永明 yong3 ming2) 483–493
Yu Lin Wang (鬱林王 yu4 lin2 wang2) Xiao Zhaoye (蕭昭業 xiao1 zhao1 ye4) 494 Longchang (隆昌 long2 chang1) 494
Hai Ling Wang (海陵王 hai3 ling2 wang2) Xiao Zhaowen (蕭昭文 xiao1 zhao1 wen2) 494 Yanxing (延興 yan2 xing1) 494
Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) Xiao Luan (蕭鸞 xiao1 luan2) 494–498 Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 494–498
Yongtai (永泰 yong3 tai4) 498
Dong Hun Hou (東昏侯 dong1 hun1 hou2) Xiao Baojuan (蕭寶卷 xiao1 bao3 juan3) 499–501 Yongyuan (永元 yong3 yuan2) 499–501
He Di (和帝 he2 di4) Xiao Bao Rong (蕭寶融 xiao1 bao3 rong2) 501–502 Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 501–502
Liang dynasty 502–557
Convention: Liang + posthumous name
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 jing4 di4) Xiao Yan (蕭衍 xiao1 yan3) 502–549 Tianjian (天監 tian1 jian1) 502–519
Putong (普通 pu3 tong1) 520–527
Datong (大通 da4 tong1) 527–529
Zhongdatong (中大通 zhong1 da4 tong1) 529–534
Datong (大同 da4 tong2) 535–546
Zhongdatong (中大同 zhong1 da4 tong2) 546–547
Taiqing (太清 tai4 qing1) 547–549
Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4) Xiao Gang (蕭綱 xiao1 gang1) 549–551 Dabao (大寶 da4 bao3) 550–551
Yu Zhang Wang (豫章王 yu4 zhang1 wang2) Xiao Dong (蕭棟 xiao1 dong4) 551–552 Tianzheng (天正 tian1 zheng4) 551–552
Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4) Xiao Yi (蕭繹 xiao1 yi4) 552–555 Chengsheng (承聖 cheng2 sheng4) 552–555
Zhen Yang Hou (貞陽侯 zhen1 yang2 hou2) Xiao Yuan Ming (蕭淵明 xiao1 yuan1 ming2) 555 Tiancheng (天成 tian1 cheng2) 555
Jing Di (敬帝 jing4 di4) Xiao Fang Zhi (蕭方智 xiao1 fang1 zhi4) 555–557 Shaotai (紹泰 shao4 tai4) 555–556
Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 556–557
Chen dynasty 557–589
Convention: Chen + posthumous name
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) Chen Ba Xian (陳霸先 chen2 ba4 xian1) 557–559 Yongding (永定 yong3 ding4) 557–559
Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4) Chen Qian (陳蒨 chen2 qian4) 560–566 Tianjia (天嘉 tian1 jia1) 560–566
Tiankang (天康 tian1 kang1) 566
Fei Di (廢帝 fei4 di4) Chen Bo Zong (陳伯宗 chen2 bo2 zong1) 567–568 Guangda (光大 guang1 da4) 567–568
Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4) Chen Xu (陳頊 chen2 xu1) 569–582 Taijian (太建 tai4 jian4) 569–582
Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) Chen Shu Bao (陳叔寶 chen2 shu2 bao3) 583–589 Zhide (至德 zhi4 de2) 583–586
Zhenming (禎明 zhen1 ming2) 587–589

Emperors of the Western Liang dynasty (555–587 AD)

The Western Liang is also sometimes called the "Later Liang" (not to be confused with the Later Liang of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period).

Temple names (Miao Hao 廟號 miào hào)Posthumous names (Shi Hao 諡號)Personal namesPeriods of reignEra names (Nián Hào 年號) and their relevant range of years
Convention: Xi Liang + posthumous name
Note: some historians set Western Liang as a continuation of the Liang dynasty since it was founded by descendants of the Xiao's, the ruling family of the Liang dynasty.
Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1) Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4) Xiao Cha (蕭察 xiao1 cha2) 555–562 Dading (大定 da4 ding4) 555–562
Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1) Xiao Ming Di (孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4) Xiao Kui (蕭巋 xiao1 kui1) 562–585 Tianbao (天保 tian1 bao3) 562–585
Did not exist Xiao Jing Di (孝靜帝 xiao4 jing4 di4)
or
Ju Gong (莒公 ju3 gong1)
Xiao Cong (蕭琮 xiao1 cong2) 585–587 Guangyun (廣運 guang3 yun4) 562–585

See also

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