Newbie to C. I'm writing an ANSI C program (on Linux using gcc 4.4.6) and need to know how to initilize a numeric array, such as int or double, where the length of the array is determined when the program is run?
Does ANSI C allow one to declare variable, execute some code (wherein the length is determined), then declare additional variables (e.g. the arrays in question)?
If not, how is this done in practice? Note the program compiles using gcc -ansi ... switch.
You need to allocate the memory for the array and free it after you are done.
See malloc and free and get one of the beginner books listed here. Attempting to write C without a solid foundation ends in blood, tears and segfaults. Think of the children. Don't do it.
Example to get you started with shooting yourself in the foot:
int* intarray = NULL;
intarray = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * 23); // allocate space for 23 intS
To make a dynamic array, you'd instead use a pointer; the usage is pretty much the same, but you need to free() the memory once you're done with it;
int staticArray[10];
int *dynamicArray;
// calculate length of the dynamic array here
int length = 3*4;
dynamicArray = (int*)malloc(length * sizeof(int));
staticArray[4] = 7;
dynamicArray[8] = 5;
free(dynamicArray);
I would recommend alloca over malloc if you would like the data allocated on the stack (and if it's available), but malloc will work in most situations.
Note that GCC allows for flexible length arrays, even when compiled with -ansi, so you can just do this:
int size = 0;
printf("please enter array size: ");
scanf("%i", &size);
data_type data[size];
However, if you must have it dynamically allocated, you can simply replace the last line with this:
data_type *data = alloca(size * sizeof(*data));
Does ANSI C allow one to declare variable, execute some code (wherein the length is determined), then declare additional variables (e.g. the arrays in question)?
As of the 1999 standard, you can mingle declarations and code within a block; prior to that, all declarations within a block had to precede code. To compile for C99, use -std=c99 instead of -ansi (which is synonymous with -std=c89). So the following would be legal in C99:
int main(void)
{
int size;
// get the size somehow
int *array = malloc(sizeof *array * size);
...
// don't forget to clean up when you're done
free(array);
}
If you must compile with the -ansi flag (meaning you must conform to the C89 standard), you'd have to structure your code like so:
int main(void)
{
int size;
int *array;
// get size somehow
array = malloc(sizeof *array * size);
...
free(array);
}
Note that C99 also supports variable length arrays, which allow you to specify the size of an array at run time:
int main(void)
{
int size;
// get size as before
int array[size];
...
}
VLAs are somewhat limited compared to regular arrays (they can't be members of struct or union types, and they can't appear outside of a function), and must be used with care; if you need to allocate a lot of space, use malloc instead. Their implementation turned out to be complicated enough that the recently-approved 2011 standard gives implementations the option to not support them.
