If you're looking for the Listbox to expand to fill the remaining space you've got at least two solutions.
With the DockPanel:
<DockPanel LastChildFill="True">
<Image Source="..." Dock.DockPanel="Bottom"/>
<ListBox ItemsSource="{...}" DockPanel.Dock="Top"/>
</DockPanel>
While the Image is the first element listed it is docked to the bottom so it be laid out beneath the ListBox. Because the ListBox is the last element in the DockPanel it will stretch to fill the remaining space. See this link for more information about the DockPanel.
With the Grid:
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="*"/>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<ListBox Grid.Row="0"/>
<Image Grid.Row="1"/>
</Grid>
With the Grid you can request that a row either Auto size itself to fit its contents, it can resize itself to fill the remaining space or it can be given a specific height. The *
notation indicates fill the remaining space. See this link for more information about Grid layout and this link for a quick tutorial.