Yeah, you would need to get the parent of the current textview, then get all the children contained within that parent.
Depending on what you need to do with the textviews you could either call FindViewById on the parent view to get each TextView by ID. Or you can iterate through the children as suggested in this question/answer:
Android - get children inside a View?
I know people mention that calling FindViewByID is a taxing process, so consider storing the references to the textview's in some sort of object so you can quickly get the references to the other textview's within the row without having to look them up all the time.
ViewHolder's work pretty well, as they store the references to the textview's within an object (which you only need to fill once during creation) but it requires setting up your own customized adapter.