I assume you want to define a target resolution to support documents that contain images too large to load into iOS device memory (as required to display the PDF page)?
Check out the Apple sample code project Large Image Downsizing.
You can modify that sample to render a PDF page (instead of an image), yet benefit from the same incremental down sampling. You can define a target resolution, and the entire source document is never attempted to be loaded into memory all at once. Instead, the destination PDF rendering is 'assembled' in an incremental fashion, at the target resolution defined by you. You can do this regardless of what the source resolution actually is.
Incremental image decoding only works in iOS for TIFF, JPEG, PNG. However, BMP, GIF, interlaced images are not supported. In your context, that only means if your PDF contains images of the latter type, they will be decoded in-full into memory, so hopefully those are relatively small and the large images in your PDF are of the former format.
As mentioned in the sample ReadMe, the source PDF can exist in the app bundle, photo roll, or somewhere else (such as downloaded OTA).
In addition, I modified the sample to support PDF. You can download it here.
In my tests, the destination PDF is rendered at the proper target resolution, including any text, glyph or vector elements as you'd expect.