If you prever a lazy and ugly method (and not recommended for very, very much rows), you can spare yourself a user defined function like in mwerner's answer and do it simply like this:
select
replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(asdf, '0', ''), '1', ''), '2', ''), '3', ''), '4', ''), '5', ''), '6', ''), '7', ''), '8', ''), '9', ''), '_', ''), '-DF', '')
from
(
select
'abcdefg_1056-DF' as asdf
union select
'123erttzz-1292'
union select
'gdfgdfg_1056'
)q