What's the best way to watchdog a desktop application?

Question

I need some way to monitor a desktop application and restart it if it dies.

Initially I assumed the best way would be to monitor/restart the process from a Windows service, until I found out that since Vista Windows services should not interact with the desktop

I've seen several questions dealing with this issue, but every answer I've seen involved some kind of hack that is discouraged by Microsoft and will likely stop working in future OS updates.

So, a Windows service is probably not an option anymore. I could probably just create a different desktop/console application to do this, but that kind of defeats its purpose.

Which would be the most elegant way to achieve this, in your opinion?

EDIT: This is neither malware nor virus. The app that needs monitoring is a media player that will run on an embedded system, and even though I'm trying to cover all possible crash scenarios, I can't risk having it crash over an unexpected error (s**t happens). This watchdog would be just a safeguard in case everything else goes wrong. Also, since the player would be showing 3rd party flash content, an added plus would be for example to monitor for resource usage, and restart the player if say, some crappy flash movie starts leaking memory.

EDIT 2: I forgot to mention, the application I would like to monitor/restart has absolutely no need to run on either the LocalSystem account nor with any administrative privileges at all. Actually, I'd prefer it to run using the currently logged user credentials.

Answer 1

I finally implemented a the solution suggested by @A_nto2 and it achieved exactly what I was looking for: I now have a Windows Service that monitors a list of processes and whenever they are down, they are launched again automatically using the active user's credentials and session, so the GUI is visible.

However, since the links he posted shown VC++ code, I'm sharing my C# implementation for anyone dealing with the same issue:

public static class ProcessExtensions
{
    public enum SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL
    {
        SecurityAnonymous,
        SecurityIdentification,
        SecurityImpersonation,
        SecurityDelegation
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
    {
        public int nLength;
        public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
        public int bInheritHandle;
    }

    public enum TOKEN_TYPE
    {
        TokenPrimary = 1,
        TokenImpersonation
    }

    [Flags]
    public enum CREATE_PROCESS_FLAGS : uint
    {
        NONE = 0x00000000,
        DEBUG_PROCESS = 0x00000001,
        DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS = 0x00000002,
        CREATE_SUSPENDED = 0x00000004,
        DETACHED_PROCESS = 0x00000008,
        CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = 0x00000010,
        NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000020,
        IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000040,
        HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000080,
        REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000100,
        CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = 0x00000200,
        CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT = 0x00000400,
        CREATE_SEPARATE_WOW_VDM = 0x00000800,
        CREATE_SHARED_WOW_VDM = 0x00001000,
        CREATE_FORCEDOS = 0x00002000,
        BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00004000,
        ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00008000,
        INHERIT_PARENT_AFFINITY = 0x00010000,
        INHERIT_CALLER_PRIORITY = 0x00020000,
        CREATE_PROTECTED_PROCESS = 0x00040000,
        EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT = 0x00080000,
        PROCESS_MODE_BACKGROUND_BEGIN = 0x00100000,
        PROCESS_MODE_BACKGROUND_END = 0x00200000,
        CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB = 0x01000000,
        CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL = 0x02000000,
        CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE = 0x04000000,
        CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x08000000,
        PROFILE_USER = 0x10000000,
        PROFILE_KERNEL = 0x20000000,
        PROFILE_SERVER = 0x40000000,
        CREATE_IGNORE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT = 0x80000000,
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    public struct STARTUPINFO
    {
        public Int32 cb;
        public string lpReserved;
        public string lpDesktop;
        public string lpTitle;
        public Int32 dwX;
        public Int32 dwY;
        public Int32 dwXSize;
        public Int32 dwYSize;
        public Int32 dwXCountChars;
        public Int32 dwYCountChars;
        public Int32 dwFillAttribute;
        public Int32 dwFlags;
        public Int16 wShowWindow;
        public Int16 cbReserved2;
        public IntPtr lpReserved2;
        public IntPtr hStdInput;
        public IntPtr hStdOutput;
        public IntPtr hStdError;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct PROCESS_INFORMATION
    {
        public IntPtr hProcess;
        public IntPtr hThread;
        public int dwProcessId;
        public int dwThreadId;
    }

    public class Kernel32
    {
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "WTSGetActiveConsoleSessionId")]
        public static extern uint WTSGetActiveConsoleSessionId();

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
    }

    public class WtsApi32
    {
        [DllImport("Wtsapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "WTSQueryUserToken")]
        public static extern bool WTSQueryUserToken(UInt32 sessionId, out IntPtr phToken);
    }

    public class AdvApi32
    {
        public const uint MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x2000000;

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        public extern static bool DuplicateTokenEx
        (
            IntPtr hExistingToken,
            uint dwDesiredAccess,
            SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpTokenAttributes,
            SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL ImpersonationLevel,
            TOKEN_TYPE TokenType,
            out IntPtr phNewToken
        );

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern bool CreateProcessAsUser
        (
            IntPtr hToken,
            string lpApplicationName,
            string lpCommandLine,
            SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,
            SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
            bool bInheritHandles,
            CREATE_PROCESS_FLAGS dwCreationFlags,
            IntPtr lpEnvironment,
            string lpCurrentDirectory,
            ref STARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo,
            out PROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation
        );
    }

    public class UserEnv
    {
        [DllImport("userenv.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern bool CreateEnvironmentBlock(out IntPtr lpEnvironment, IntPtr hToken, bool bInherit);

        [DllImport("userenv.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public static extern bool DestroyEnvironmentBlock(IntPtr lpEnvironment);
    }

    public static void StartAsActiveUser(this Process process)
    {
        // Sanity check.
        if (process.StartInfo == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("The StartInfo property must be defined");
        }

        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(process.StartInfo.FileName))
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("The StartInfo.FileName property must be defined");
        }

        // Retrieve the active session ID and its related user token.
        var sessionId = Kernel32.WTSGetActiveConsoleSessionId();
        var userTokenPtr = new IntPtr();
        if (!WtsApi32.WTSQueryUserToken(sessionId, out userTokenPtr))
        {
            throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
        }

        // Duplicate the user token so that it can be used to create a process.
        var duplicateUserTokenPtr = new IntPtr();
        if (!AdvApi32.DuplicateTokenEx(userTokenPtr, AdvApi32.MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, null, SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL.SecurityIdentification, TOKEN_TYPE.TokenPrimary, out duplicateUserTokenPtr))
        {
            throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
        }

        // Create an environment block for the interactive process.
        var environmentPtr = new IntPtr();
        if (!UserEnv.CreateEnvironmentBlock(out environmentPtr, duplicateUserTokenPtr, false))
        {
            throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
        }

        // Create the process under the target user’s context.
        var processFlags = CREATE_PROCESS_FLAGS.NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS | CREATE_PROCESS_FLAGS.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE | CREATE_PROCESS_FLAGS.CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
        var processInfo = new PROCESS_INFORMATION();
        var startupInfo = new STARTUPINFO();
        startupInfo.cb = Marshal.SizeOf(startupInfo);
        if (!AdvApi32.CreateProcessAsUser
        (
            duplicateUserTokenPtr, 
            process.StartInfo.FileName, 
            process.StartInfo.Arguments, 
            null, 
            null, 
            false, 
            processFlags, 
            environmentPtr, 
            null, 
            ref startupInfo, 
            out processInfo
        ))
        {
            throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
        }

        // Free used resources.
        Kernel32.CloseHandle(processInfo.hProcess);
        Kernel32.CloseHandle(processInfo.hThread);
        if (userTokenPtr != null)
        {
            Kernel32.CloseHandle(userTokenPtr);
        }

        if (duplicateUserTokenPtr != null)
        {
            Kernel32.CloseHandle(duplicateUserTokenPtr);
        }

        if (environmentPtr != null)
        {
            UserEnv.DestroyEnvironmentBlock(environmentPtr);
        }
    }
}

And here's how the code is invoked:

var process = new Process();
process.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = @"C:\path-to\target.exe", Arguments = "-arg1 -arg2" };
process.StartAsActiveUser();

Hope it helps!

Answer 2

Initially I assumed the best way would be to monitor/restart the process from a Windows service...

Sure you can! I did it some times ago. You can start learning how watching this:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7trainingcourse_win7session0isolation_topic2#_Toc243675529

and this:

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/18367/Launch-your-application-in-Vista-under-the-local-s

In substance, you have to run programs as SYSTEM, but with the SessionID of the current user.

If you're feeling lazy, I suppose there could be some good little Services which make the thing you're looking for. Try searching on www.codeproject.com.

Answer 3

The watchdog process could make use of System.Diagnostics.Process to launch the application, use the WaitForExitMethod() and check the ExitCode property.

In response to the complaints over the question, I have had to use such a method when working with a legacy call center application over which I had no source control access.

EDIT:

For the host application you could use a .NET application of output type "Windows Application" and simply not have a form at all. For example:

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo(@"calc.exe");
            var process = Process.Start(info);
            process.WaitForExit();
            MessageBox.Show("Hello World!");
        }
    }
}

Answer 4

Found this lib written up on Code Project: https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/1054098/Simple-Csharp-Watchdog

It was posted 3 years after the latest answer here, so adding it for record's sake.

-- Addendum: Installed it in our app, and it works pretty well. Needed slight tweaking to support our use case, but the code is pretty solid and straight forward