if (data[c] >= 128)
sum += data[c];
Clearly adds data[c]
to sum
if and only if data[c]
is greater or equal than 128. It's easy to show that
int t = (data[c] - 128) >> 31;
sum += ~t & data[c];
Is equivalent (when data
only holds positive values, which it does):
data[c] - 128
is positive if and only if data[c]
is greater or equal than 128. Shifted arithmetically right by 31, it becomes either all ones (if it was smaller than 128) or all zeros (if it was greater or equal to 128).
The second line then adds to sum
either 0 & data[c]
(so zero) in the case that data[c] < 128
or 0xFFFFFFFF & data[c]
(so data[c]
) in the case that data[c] >= 128
.