Presumably, you're talking about a requirement that Python extensions be built to link dynamically with the same C runtime library that the Python instance does. It should first be noted that this depends on how the instance was built, i.e., if you build Python yourself from the source code it is the compiler version you use for the build, not the version of Python, that determines the runtime library being used.
If you want to know the runtime library versions for the official binary releases, you can work this out yourself using your favorite DLL dependency tool, e.g., Dependency Walker, or by looking to see which runtime library redistributable is contained in the installer.
Based on my very brief research, I believe you can use the latest version of MinGW with any of these runtime libraries. By default it uses msvcrt.dll, the C runtime built into Windows, but it appears to support using VC++ runtimes instead.