For Entity Framework 5.0, What is the minimum .Net Framework version required ? either .Net 4.0 or 4.5 ?
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That depends on what you mean by "required".
In order to use all features, .NET 4.5 is required. However, EF5 will run on .NET 4, but will basically function the same as EF 4.3.
EDIT:
EF5 will still provide some minor performance enhancements on .NET 4, and will of course provide bug fixes, but will not provide the majority of new features (like Enum support, Spatial types, etc..)
EDIT (6/24/12):
As of EF6, the new performance features were moved out of the core framework, so you can now get full benefits on .NET 4, but EF5 is still dependent upon 4.5 for the improvements.

Erik Funkenbusch
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Do you have any reference link to support your answer ? – Ananth Ramasamy Meenachi Aug 28 '12 at 22:07
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Yes, the release announcement for EF5 http://blogs.msdn.com/b/adonet/archive/2012/08/15/ef5-released.aspx – Erik Funkenbusch Aug 28 '12 at 22:37
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8If you actually use the EF 5.0 in .NET 4.0 it will recognize itself as EF 4.4. – Ladislav Mrnka Aug 29 '12 at 09:04
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1EF Version History have some useful data http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj574253 – Iman Oct 06 '14 at 17:48
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this is crazy... my .net 4.0 project refers to the .net 4.5 dll of EF – Nitin Sawant May 04 '18 at 10:28