what configuration needs to be tweaked, and where does it live, in order to increase the maximum allowed post size?
3 Answers
Apache Tomcat by default sets a limit on the maximum size of HTTP POST requests it accepts. In Tomcat 5, this limit is set to 2 MB. When you try to upload files larger than 2 MB, this error can occur.
The solution is to reconfigure Tomcat to accept larger POST requests, either by increasing the limit, or by disabling it. This can be done by editing [TOMCAT_DIR]/conf/server.xml. Set the Tomcat configuration parameter maxPostSize for the HTTPConnector to a larger value (in bytes) to increase the limit. Setting it to 0 in will disable the size check. See the Tomcat Configuration Reference for more information.

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It will be for others persons, I see you are coupling Apache HTTP and Tomcat (tomcat / mod_jk), in this case edit the Coyote/JK2 AJP 1.3 Connector the same way you do it for the standard connector (Coyote HTTP/1.1), because the AJP1.3 Connector is where Tomcat receive data.
<!-- Define a Coyote/JK2 AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8009"
enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" debug="0"
protocol="AJP/1.3" maxPostSize="0"/>

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The root cause of IllegalStateException exception is a java servlet is attempting to write to the output stream after the response has been committed.
Take care that no content is added to the response after redirecting/dispatching request.

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