In many programming problems (e.g. some Project Euler problems) we are asked to report the answer as the remainder left after dividing the answer by 1,000,000,007.
Why not any other number?
Edit: 2 years later, here's what I know: the number is a big prime, and any answer to such a question is so large that it makes sense to report a remainder instead (as the number may be too large for a native datatype to handle).