add two numbers without using operators

Question

I was searching for how to add two numbers without using ('+'/'++') and went through link. But, I also found this solution:

#include<stdio.h>
int add(int x, int y);

int add(int x, int y)
{
    return printf("%*c%*c",  x, ' ',  y, ' ');
}

int main()
{
    printf("Sum = %d", add(3, 4));
    return 0;
}

Can somebody explain what's happening in add function?

If you have a C99 implementation you can instead do: `return snprintf(NULL, 0, "%*c%*c", x, '#', y, '#');` and not mess up the output. Anyway, this method will never work with negative values! — pmg, Oct 06 '12 at 11:11
This was asked on stackoverflow before, but I'm unable to find it. Does anyone remember this one? — stefan, Oct 06 '12 at 12:13
Possible duplicate of [How to add two numbers without using ++ or + or another arithmetic operator](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1149929/how-to-add-two-numbers-without-using-or-or-another-arithmetic-operator) — Box Box Box Box, Jan 16 '16 at 11:12

score 2 · Accepted Answer · answered Oct 06 '12 at 11:11

2

return printf("%*c%*c",  x, ' ',  y, ' ');

The * in the printf format means that the field width used to print the character is taken from an argument of printf, in this case, x and y. The return value of printf is the number of characters printed. So it's printing one ' ' with a field-width of x, and one with a field-width of y, makes x + y characters in total.

answered Oct 06 '12 at 11:11

Daniel Fischer

181,706
17
308
431

Then this means that first %*c takes first ' ' character to print it x times? Am i right? – Vaibhav Agarwal Oct 06 '12 at 11:13
Yes and no. In the case of `' '` that's what it does, but the correct description is that it pads whatever character it shall print with spaces to fill the required field-width. – Daniel Fischer Oct 06 '12 at 11:17
And are these spaces padded before or after the character which is to be printed? – Vaibhav Agarwal Oct 06 '12 at 11:19
@Vaibhav Agarwal: Just put a `-` for example instead of space and see the printout. For me the padding is at the front. – Tudor Oct 06 '12 at 11:20
Padding is usually added on the left, but with a `-` flag, the field is left-justified and the padding added on the right. – Daniel Fischer Oct 06 '12 at 11:23

score 1 · Answer 2 · answered Oct 06 '12 at 11:12

Well what happens is this: the * before c tells printf that:

The width is not specified in the format string, but as an additional integer value argument preceding the argument that has to be formatted.

Hence this means that the first space character will be printed with a width of a and the second one with a width of b. At the same time printf returns the number of characters printed, which is actually a + b characters.

add two numbers without using operators

2 Answers2