No.
There is no expectation that every application developer somehow places metadata tags for their application inside of the registry (or wherever)... and, if for some reaosn a few handful of application developers did there is no way to guarantee the consistancy. Not to mention that application developers don't always use the common words you'd expect for their applications... Not every image editing application has the word "Photo" in it (for example, Picasa
from Google).
The best you can hope for is to build some keywords to look for, add in a list of famous applications that don't conform to the keyword conventions your expecting ("Paint", "Photo", "Image", etc.), and work with that... either that or create a large database yourself to check against. Also, as other answers/comments have indicated, looking for applications that are used for specific extensions is helpful.
Nothing guaranteed though.