Unable to install gem - Failed to build gem native extension - cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)

Question

Ruby 1.9.3

The part of Gemfile

#...............
gem "pony"
gem "bcrypt-ruby", :require => "bcrypt"
gem "nokogiri" 
#..................

When I'm trying to install gems, I get an error

alex@ubuntu:~/$ bundle
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/.........
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Enter your password to install the bundled RubyGems to your system: 
#####............................................................
Installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1) with native extensions 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb 
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'` succeeds before bundling.

Then I'm doing this

sudo gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing bcrypt-ruby:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out

and getting an error as well.

What did I miss?

possible duplicate of [\`require': no such file to load -- mkmf (LoadError)](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7645918/require-no-such-file-to-load-mkmf-loaderror) — guest, Oct 09 '14 at 00:43
For macOS, this might be helpful as well: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20939568/error-error-installing-cocoapods-error-failed-to-build-gem-native-extension — Priyanshu Jain, Feb 02 '21 at 09:04

score 469 · Accepted Answer · edited May 11 '22 at 13:58

469

There are similar questions:

Usually, the solution is:

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

Or, if that doesn't work, depending on your ruby version, run something like:

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

Should fix your problem.

Still not working? Try the following after installing ruby-dev:

sudo apt-get install make

edited May 11 '22 at 13:58

Mohamed Ismaiel Ahmed

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answered Dec 07 '12 at 17:13

MrYoshiji

54,334
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But I have 1.9.3 ruby only. – Alexandre Dec 07 '12 at 17:14
5

ruby 1.9.3 is an alias of ruby 1.9.1 – Mar 16 '13 at 16:27
6

After installing `ruby1.9.1-dev` I had to also `sudo apt-get install make`. Thank you! – kodybrown Nov 14 '13 at 00:44
8

If you have installed your ruby with command `sudo apt-get install ruby` (without specifying the version) then you don't need to worry about your version too much if you just install `sudo apt-get install ruby-dev` – kellins Jan 31 '14 at 22:21
Thank you @wasatchwizard, after doing what you suggested it worked for me :) – lbramos Apr 28 '14 at 22:08
Worked for me, thanks. But I did end up running bundle install as sudo. – jerome Aug 30 '14 at 13:52
Thanks - using `sudo apt-get install make` finally did the trick for me, after I found the first part of your solution elsewhere. – Kjeld Schmidt Sep 07 '14 at 14:29
7

I found that on Ubuntu 16.04 you also need `sudo apt-get install gcc make` – Treur Dec 27 '16 at 21:48
I am getting this error: sudo: apt-get: command not found can I install it with brew ? – GOrozco58 May 04 '17 at 22:11

score 25 · Answer 2 · answered Apr 25 '19 at 18:10

25

For WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) you need install build-essential package:

sudo apt install build-essential

answered Apr 25 '19 at 18:10

Dmitry S.

3,766
3
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1

Solved it for me after none of the other suggestions seemed to do it. My setup: Win10 Pro + WSL with Ubuntu 18.04 + Ruby 2.5. Thanks! – cjs1978 Sep 02 '19 at 13:37
1

Same thing for an Ubuntu Server Hyper-V VM. – Jorge Yanes Diez Oct 14 '19 at 08:29
1

Worked for me on Ubuntu within Docker – Miguel Mota Jan 13 '20 at 23:02
This worked for me on a regular install of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS when trying to install Typhoeus. Took ages to get there, thanks! – RemakingEden Apr 05 '20 at 13:12

score 12 · Answer 3 · answered Dec 12 '19 at 15:25

12

Just finished a 2 hour wild goose chase trying to solve this. None of the posted answers worked for me. Im on a Mac (Mojave Version 10.14.6, Xcode Version 11.3).

It turns out the ruby file headers were missing so i had to run open /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

That didnt work for me at first because the version of CommandLineTools i had installed did not have the "Packages" folder. So i uninstalled and reinstalled like this:

rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

xcode-select --install

Then i ran the previous command again:

open /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

After install the error was fixed!

answered Dec 12 '19 at 15:25

Jerome

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This worked for me. I'm on macOS 10.14.6 (18G1012). Xcode 11.3. – Pouria Almassi Jan 06 '20 at 19:13
Thanks. Your solution worked for me when installing "sudo gem install cocoapods" for flutter development. – Venkataraman K Mar 02 '20 at 13:11
6

I don't get 'Packages/' folder after reinstalling. – Bright Lee Nov 19 '20 at 16:20

score 12 · Answer 4 · answered Jan 22 '21 at 04:01

12

For MacOS users:

Just do this and easily it will solve your problem:

brew install cocoapods

answered Jan 22 '21 at 04:01

Jr Relampagos

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score 10 · Answer 5 · answered Nov 11 '15 at 04:31

10

I had the same issue trying to install jquery-rails. The fix was

sudo apt-get install zlibc zlib1g zlib1g-dev

answered Nov 11 '15 at 04:31

B2Pi

103
1
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Just installing `zlib1g-dev` will give you what you need here, or at least it did for me. – lindes Jul 03 '19 at 20:46

score 7 · Answer 6 · answered Jul 11 '15 at 22:32

7

In case anyone in the future had this problem, I'm using a Mac and just had to install the Command Line Tools using 'xcode-select --install'

answered Jul 11 '15 at 22:32

NateW

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This worked for me. In my case, I was scratching my head because my build was working fine until I upgraded to El Capitan. – bruce1337 Dec 09 '15 at 00:11

score 6 · Answer 7 · answered Nov 19 '15 at 09:18

I found that I needed to install another version of ruby. So running the command

$ sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

and then attempt to install the extension

If you run into issues where it is telling you that you don't have g++ you can run the following command to install it

$ sudo apt-get install g++

score 5 · Answer 8 · answered May 29 '15 at 05:21

Make sure ruby-dev is installed
Make sure make is installed
If you still get the error, look for suggested packages. If you are trying to install something like gem install pg you will also need to install the lib libpq-dev (sudo apt-get install libpq-dev).

score 5 · Answer 9 · answered Sep 19 '20 at 05:09

I created a small hackMD to install cocoapods on MacOS 10.15 (Catalina) and 11 (Big Sur)

https://hackmd.io/@sBJPlhRESGqCKCqV8ZjP1A/S1UY3W7HP

Installing Cocoapods on MacOS Catalina(MacOS 10.15.X) and Big Sur (MacOS 11)

Make sure you have xcode components are installed.
Download 'Command Line Tools' (about 500MB) directly from this link (Requires you to have apple account) https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action
Install the downloaded file
Click on Install
Install COCOAPODS files in terminal sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

`brew install cocoapods` worked for me (assuming you have brew installed and up to date) — kbpontius, Dec 28 '20 at 02:53

score 2 · Answer 10 · answered May 08 '20 at 18:16

2

This worked for me. bundle config --global build.snappy --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix snappy)"

answered May 08 '20 at 18:16

Mohammed

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score 1 · Answer 11 · answered Dec 10 '15 at 21:45

1

It also helps to ensure libmysqlclient-dev is installed (Ubuntu 14.04)

answered Dec 10 '15 at 21:45

KLaw

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Corey Byrum · Answer 12 · 2021-01-22T08:13:31.533

1

What ended up working for me after a few hours of pain..

if you're running brew..

brew install ruby

in the terminal output/log, identify the path where ruby was installed, brew suggests 'You may want to add this to your PATH', so that's what we'll do. For example, mine is

/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/bin

Add this to your path by running (omitting braces)

echo 'export PATH"{the_path_you_found_above}:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

then update your environment by running

source ~/.bash_profile

now, try running your install, i.e.,

sudo gem install middleman

edited Jan 22 '21 at 08:13

answered Jan 22 '21 at 07:09

Corey Byrum

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This saved my day! – Stefan Francis Aug 24 '23 at 14:12

score 1 · Answer 13 · answered Mar 03 '21 at 23:35

If you are a mac user you must need to update the clang version being used I burnt hours searching this and installed uninstalled xcode commandline tools but it didn't help. I ran gcc -v and Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.8 was the output. Then I ran xcode-select -s /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/ and clang version was updated to Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.29). bundle install was successful after that. I hope this may help.

score 1 · Answer 14 · answered Apr 22 '21 at 22:46

I was making a word search app and I had to install cocoapods and after formatting my mac and reinstalling xcode, I still got the error when I wanted to install cocoapods.

And the solution for this was the following:

It looks like CocoaPods 1.9.0, the latest version as of this writing, depends on a newer version of Ruby than 2.3.7. But macOS Mojave only includes Ruby 2.3.7, so you have a few different options.

    Upgrade to macOS Catalina and get Ruby 2.6.3
    Use Ruby Version Manager to install a newer version of Ruby
    Install an older version of CocoaPods
    sudo gem install cocoapods -v 1.8.4

I did 3:

sudo gem install cocoapods -v 1.8.4

score 0 · Answer 15 · answered Aug 19 '16 at 08:24

0

In Mac, for me this works:

CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-shared" rbenv install 2.2.2

answered Aug 19 '16 at 08:24

rubyu2

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score 0 · Answer 16 · answered Aug 01 '17 at 10:20

After some search for a solution, it turns out the -dev package is needed, not just ruby1.8. So if you have ruby1.9.1 doing

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

or to install generic ruby version, use (as per @lamplightdev comment):

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

should fix it.

Try to locate mkmf to see if the file is actually there.

score 0 · Answer 17 · answered Aug 01 '22 at 08:50

0

first set your Xcode version on the terminal:

sudo xcode-select -switch /Applications/Xcode.app

then install:

sudo gem install cocoapods

answered Aug 01 '22 at 08:50

jamal zare

1,037
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Unable to install gem - Failed to build gem native extension - cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)

17 Answers17

Installing Cocoapods on MacOS Catalina(MacOS 10.15.X) and Big Sur (MacOS 11)

Linked

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