Using cookies for controlling access to pages does NOT sound like a good idea. You will have to create a way to secure the cookie, which isn't easy. Without that, your authentication will be easy to spoof.
I would recommend that you use the built in authentication and authorization mechanisms for MVC 4, which is well tested and built for this purpose. Here is one article to get you started.
Using the [Authorize]
and [AllowAnonymous]
attributes of MVC4, you can be quite flexible when restricting parts of your site to authorized users.
I've posted a more lengthy example using above mentioned attributes as an answer to another SO question.