What you see in the browser address bar is an HTTP URL which is just indicative of the HTTP Request being made.To see the complete HTTP Request - use Chrome - Developer tools. (HTTP Request /Response / Body / Cookie)
Your HTML page is formed by the Server you send the HTTP Request to. This HTML page is send back to the Browser in HTTP Response Body. Your browser which has layout (HTML) Engine running "just parses/renders the HTML in the HTTP Response".
The engine would - Parse to check for any HTML inconsistencies , to build DOM tree, to load scripts/images/css
Its purely you and only you who would decide as how to use the data. This data can either be used by JavaScript or Server Side code like JSP.
Other users have already suggested to you the way this can be achieved like running some script.