Microsoft Research has a project called CHESS:
CHESS is a tool for finding and reproducing Heisenbugs in concurrent programs. CHESS repeatedly runs a concurrent test ensuring that every run takes a different interleaving. If an interleaving results in an error, CHESS can reproduce the interleaving for improved debugging. CHESS is available for both managed and native programs.
Note that generally I believe these tools are referred to as "fuzzing tools" (for "fuzz testing").
For what it's worth, it shouldn't matter that you're using the .NET Framework. Any tool that fuzzes threads within a process should do.
That allows you to look at other tools, that aren't specifically tailored to a CLR environment. This article mentions Cuzz, although it would appear to be unreleased.
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