Python Dependency Injection Framework

Question

Is there a framework equivalent to Guice (http://code.google.com/p/google-guice) for Python?

Answer 1

Spring Python is an offshoot of the Java-based Spring Framework and Spring Security, targeted for Python. This project currently contains the following features:

• Inversion Of Control (dependency injection) - use either classic XML, or the python @Object decorator (similar to the Spring JavaConfig subproject) to wire things together. While the @Object format isn't identical to the Guice style (centralized wiring vs. wiring information in each class), it is a valuable way to wire your python app.
• Aspect-oriented Programming - apply interceptors in a horizontal programming paradigm (instead of vertical OOP inheritance) for things like transactions, security, and caching.
• DatabaseTemplate - Reading from the database requires a monotonous cycle of opening cursors, reading rows, and closing cursors, along with exception handlers. With this template class, all you need is the SQL query and row-handling function. Spring Python does the rest.
• Database Transactions - Wrapping multiple database calls with transactions can make your code hard to read. This module provides multiple ways to define transactions without making things complicated.
• Security - Plugin security interceptors to lock down access to your methods, utilizing both authentication and domain authorization.
• Remoting - It is easy to convert your local application into a distributed one. If you have already built your client and server pieces using the IoC container, then going from local to distributed is just a configuration change.
• Samples - to help demonstrate various features of Spring Python, some sample applications have been created:
  • PetClinic - Spring Framework's sample web app has been rebuilt from the ground up using python web containers including: CherryPy. Go check it out for an example of how to use this framework. (NOTE: Other python web frameworks will be added to this list in the future).
  • Spring Wiki - Wikis are powerful ways to store and manage content, so we created a simple one as a demo!
  • Spring Bot - Use Spring Python to build a tiny bot to manage the IRC channel of your open source project.

Answer 2

I like this simple and neat framework.

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/injector/

Dependency injection as a formal pattern is less useful in Python than in other languages, primarily due to its support for keyword arguments, the ease with which objects can be mocked, and its dynamic nature.

That said, a framework for assisting in this process can remove a lot of boiler-plate from larger applications. That's where Injector can help. It automatically and transitively provides keyword arguments with their values. As an added benefit, Injector encourages nicely compartmentalized code through the use of Module s.

While being inspired by Guice, it does not slavishly replicate its API. Providing a Pythonic API trumps faithfulness.

Answer 3

As an alternative to monkeypatching, I like DI. A nascent project such as http://code.google.com/p/snake-guice/ may fit the bill.

Or see the blog post Dependency Injection in Python by Dennis Kempin (Aug '08).

Answer 4

pinject (https://github.com/google/pinject) is a newer alternative. It seems to be maintained by Google and follows a similar pattern to Guice (https://code.google.com/p/google-guice/), it's Java counterpart.

Answer 5

Besides that:

1. Zope component architekture
2. pyContainer

Answer 6

If you just want to do dependency injection in Python, you don't need a framework. Have a look at Dependency Injection the Python Way. It's really quick and easy, and only c. 50 lines of code.

Answer 7

There is a somewhat Guicey python-inject project. It's quite active, and a LOT less code then Spring-python, but then again, I haven't found a reason to use it yet.

Answer 8

Will leave my 5 cents here :)

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dependency_injector

"""Pythonic way for Dependency Injection."""

from dependency_injector import providers
from dependency_injector import injections


@providers.DelegatedCallable
def get_user_info(user_id):
    """Return user info."""
    raise NotImplementedError()


@providers.Factory
@injections.inject(get_user_info=get_user_info)
class AuthComponent(object):
    """Some authentication component."""

    def __init__(self, get_user_info):
        """Initializer."""
        self.get_user_info = get_user_info

    def authenticate_user(self, token):
        """Authenticate user by token."""
        user_info = self.get_user_info(user_id=token + '1')
        return user_info


print AuthComponent
print get_user_info


@providers.override(get_user_info)
@providers.DelegatedCallable
def get_user_info(user_id):
    """Return user info."""
    return {'user_id': user_id}


print AuthComponent().authenticate_user(token='abc')
# {'user_id': 'abc1'}

UPDATED

Some time passed and Dependency Injector is a bit different now. It's better to start from Dependency Injector GitHub page for getting actual examples - https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector

Answer 9

After years using Python without any DI autowiring framework and Java with Spring I've come to realize that plain simple Python code often doesn't need a framework for dependency injection autowiring (autowiring is what Guice and Spring both do in Java), i.e., just doing something like this is enough:

def foo(dep = None):  # great for unit testing!
    ...

This is pure dependency injection (quite simple) but without magical frameworks for automatically injecting them for you.

Though as I dealt with bigger applications this approach wasn't cutting it anymore. So I've come up with injectable a micro-framework that wouldn't feel non-pythonic and yet would provide first class dependency injection autowiring.

Under the motto Dependency Injection for Humans™ this is what it looks like:

# some_service.py
class SomeService:
    @autowired
    def __init__(
        self,
        database: Autowired(Database),
        message_brokers: Autowired(List[Broker]),
    ):
        pending = database.retrieve_pending_messages()
        for broker in message_brokers:
            broker.send_pending(pending)

# database.py
@injectable
class Database:
    ...

# message_broker.py
class MessageBroker(ABC):
    def send_pending(messages):
        ...

# kafka_producer.py
@injectable
class KafkaProducer(MessageBroker):
    ...

# sqs_producer.py
@injectable
class SQSProducer(MessageBroker):
    ...

Answer 10

I made a lib to do this https://github.com/ettoreleandrotognoli/python-cdi I hope that helps

It's available on pypi: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycdi

With it you can make injections with python2

import logging
from logging import Logger

from pycdi import Inject, Singleton, Producer
from pycdi.shortcuts import call


@Producer(str, _context='app_name')
def get_app_name():
    return 'PyCDI'


@Singleton(produce_type=Logger)
@Inject(app_name=str, _context='app_name')
def get_logger(app_name):
    return logging.getLogger(app_name)


@Inject(name=(str, 'app_name'), logger=Logger)
def main(name, logger):
    logger.info('I\'m starting...')
    print('Hello World!!!\nI\'m a example of %s' % name)
    logger.debug('I\'m finishing...')


call(main)

And using type hints from python3

import logging
from logging import Logger

from pycdi import Inject, Singleton, Producer
from pycdi.shortcuts import call


@Producer(_context='app_name')
def get_app_name() -> str:
    return 'PyCDI'


@Singleton()
@Inject(logger_name='app_name')
def get_logger(logger_name: str) -> Logger:
    return logging.getLogger(logger_name)


@Inject(name='app_name')
def main(name: str, logger: Logger):
    logger.info('I\'m starting...')
    print('Hello World!!!\nI\'m a example of %s' % name)
    logger.debug('I\'m finishing...')


call(main)

Answer 11

Enterprython is a small framework providing dependency-injection, building the object graph automatically based on type hints.

Answer 12

Here is a small example for a dependency injection container that does constructor injection based on the constructor argument names:

http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576609-non-invasive-dependency-injection/

Answer 13

Here's a good comparison (19 September 2020): Comparison of Dependency Injection Libraries in Python, and my favorite one

His winners are:

1. proofit404/dependencies (Injector) "simple, but provided all the necessary features. If you need something that’s not provided then just think about the design in your application, cause the flow might be somewhere there. Beautiful configuration. Perfect match for agile projects"

2. ets-labs/python-dependency-injector "very expanded library, with constant support, the problem is it’s boilerplate, if that does not bother you, then it’s a great choice"

Answer 14

There's dyject (http://dyject.com), a lightweight framework for both Python 2 and Python 3 that uses the built-in ConfigParser

Answer 15

If you want a guice like (the new new like they say), I recently made something close in Python 3 that best suited my simple needs for a side project.

All you need is an @inject on a method (__init__ included of course). The rest is done through annotations.

from py3njection import inject
from some_package import ClassToInject

class Demo:
    @inject
    def __init__(self, object_to_use: ClassToInject):
        self.dependency = object_to_use

demo = Demo()

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/py3njection

Answer 16

I recently released a neat (IMHO) micro library for DI in python:

https://github.com/suned/serum

Answer 17

If you prefer a really tiny solution there's a little function, it is just a dependency setter.

https://github.com/liuggio/Ultra-Lightweight-Dependency-Injector-Python

Answer 18

I'm actively developing pinject for Python >= 3.6. It's quite easy to use:

class MyObject:
    my_service: MyService = INJECTED
    my_config: str = INJECTED