Generally an android device or emulator should be thought of as a separate computer from your development computer.
That said if you want the connect to the local computer from the android emulator/device then here are 2 options for you.
Use a internal DNS that points a name to your local pc, you could even use this override the "live" url if that is what you want.
Use BuildConfig.DEBUG flag or similar mechanics to switch between live and debug URLs/resources
e.g. To switch between a live URL when I export and debug when testing i use:
public final class MyAppConstants
{
// url base for all requests to my API
public static final String BASE_URL;
// auto-switch between live and debug urls based on usage
static
{
if (BuildConfig.DEBUG)
{
URL_BASE = "http://debug.server.com/";
}
else
{
URL_BASE = "http://live.server.com/";
}
}
}