Are there any GUI toolkits built on top of HTML Canvas like swing,swt,gtk or qt? So that it is possible to build applications like applets or flex gui:s inside the html canvas.
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Yes, http://www.zebkit.com/ – Louis Feb 17 '15 at 10:44
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It seems that broadway, a GDK backend allows somehow to display GTK apps in the canvas of the browser – Olivier Berger Dec 12 '17 at 15:09
8 Answers
Mozilla Labs' Bespin project currently uses their own toolkit called Thunderhead. It's written by and for the Bespin developers, but it's a separate project that could be used for anything. You will need a (free) Bespin account to try it, since there aren't any other projects that I know of that use it.
I've never used it, but I know it uses the DOM and a subset of CSS plus it's own CSS-like properties. I doubt the API is very stable though since it's experimental and evolves with the needs of the Bespin developers.

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KineticJS and Three.js are both good ones. I am using KineticJS now and it makes life much easier especially for sprites/animations or general stuff you might use in games.

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Take a look at Ample SDK JavaScript UI Framework. One of the UI technologies it enables cross-browser is XUL, styleable in CSS and programmable in JavaScript with XUL DOM or jQuery APIs. You can also create your own UI technology on top of the framework.

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It seems, Cappuccino is what you want. But the speed isn't so impressive, not yet anyways.
http://cappuccino.org/learn/tutorials/
Take a look at the demos. I really hope the project will find the support it deserves.
Getting a firm overview of the best frameworks out there took me over a month. I will write a summary shortly.

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I assumed the OP asks about replacing classical GUIs with Canvas based web-GUIs of which Cappuccino, at least to some extend, classifies. Actually, would you let me know how you interpreted the question? – Lorenz Lo Sauer Jun 03 '12 at 10:21
Canvas is NOT SVG. Read this link
Be aware that is noy fully supported by all browsers

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