According to documentation these lines would work for you!
<manifest ... >
<supports-screens android:smallScreens="false"
android:normalScreens="false"
android:largeScreens="true"
android:xlargeScreens="true"
android:requiresSmallestWidthDp="600" />
...
<application ... >
...
</application>
</manifest>
The filtering is applied on the market application! That means that you cannot really test it via installing the app from adb or just running it from the apk! APKs that may be filtered by Google Play still can be compatible and can installed on devices from "unknown sources".
You can see the how the filtering is applied when you upload your APK at Market see All Applications > select your application > APK > Supported devices | Excluded devices
- Excluded devices: will let you manually exclude specific devises.