C++: How to concatenate a variable between strings literals?

Question

I need a way to get this PHP behaviour in C++:

$foo = "PHP";
$bar = "this is a " . $foo . " example.";

Is there something close to that, or do I have to do lots of strcat?

Answer 1

Easy enough with std::string:

std::string foo = "C++";
auto bar = "this is a " + foo + " example.";

Just make sure one of the first two operands is a std::string, not both const char * or something.

---

As noted below, this result is being used in CreateProcess as a char * (LPSTR) argument. If the argument was const char *, c_str() would be perfectly acceptable to pass in. However, it is not, which means you should assume it modifies the string. MSDN says this:

The Unicode version of this function, CreateProcessW, can modify the contents of this string.

Since this is char *, it's evidently using CreateProcessA, so I'd say a const_cast<char *> should work, but it's better to be safe.

You have two main options, one for C++11 and later, and one for pre-C++11.

C++11

std::string's internal buffer is now guaranteed to be contiguous. It's also guaranteed to be null-terminated. That means you can pass a pointer to the first element:

CreateProcess(..., &str[0], ...);

Make sure the function only overwrites indices within [0, size()) in the internal array. Overwriting the guaranteed null-terminator is not good.

C++03

std::string is not guaranteed to be contiguous or null-terminated. I find it best to make a temporary std::vector, which guarantees the contiguous part, and pass a pointer to its buffer:

std::vector<char> strTemp(str.begin(), str.end());
strTemp.push_back('\0');
CreateProcess(..., &strTemp[0], ...);

Also note MSDN again:

The system adds a terminating null character to the command-line string to separate the file name from the arguments. This divides the original string into two strings for internal processing.

That seems to suggest that the null-terminator here isn't necessary, but there's no size parameter, so I'm not completely sure.

Answer 2

Yes, you can use std::string:

std::string foo = "PHP";
std::string bar = std::string("This is a") + foo + std::string(" example.")

Answer 3

In C++, you can use std::string:

std::string foo = "C++"
std::string bar = std::string("this is a") + foo + " example.";

You need the std::string(...) to make the first string into a std::string, since otherwise it's a const char *, which doesn't have operator+ to join it with string.

There are probably at least 5 other possible ways to do this, like almost always in C++.

[Again being too slow in my typing]

Answer 4

C++ provides the string class.

string foo = "PHP";
string bar = string("this is a ") + foo + string(" example.");

Answer 5

If you are using C++ with the standard C++ library, you can use a std::stringstream to accomplish that. The code would look something like this:

#include <sstream>

std::string const foo("C++");
std::stringstream bar;

bar << "this is a " << foo << " example";

std::string const result(bar.str());

If for some reason you cannot use the C++ standard library you are unfortunately stuck with the likes of strcat.

Answer 6

You can use std::string for this. So try this:

#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string foo = "C++";
    std::string bar = "this is a " + foo + " example.";
    return 0;
}