Usually the rule is that if there is a loop of 1 to n elements then the complexity is O(n), and further nested loops are n x O(n). However, when do we say if a subroutine has complexity O(log n)?
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Check: http://stackoverflow.com/a/16785817/2128327 – Khaled.K May 28 '13 at 07:10
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No need to downvote my question... – Evil Washing Machine May 28 '13 at 16:21
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You can take as first example binary search. A explanation of the complexity of this algorithm can be taken from a related question how to calculate binary search complexity. It shown that the calculation of this type of complexity can be obtain from the recurrence.
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When in each iteration we reduce the problem size be a factor of X , we can say that the problem is O(log n)
E.g - Binary Search: in each iteration we reduce the problem size by factor of 2

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