First of all you need to know what serialization is, according to java documentations serialization is where an object can be represented as a sequence of bytes that includes the object's data as well as information about the object's type and the types of data stored in the object.
After a serialized object has been written into a file, it can be read from the file and deserialized that is, the type information and bytes that represent the object and its data can be used to recreate the object in memory.
Most impressive is that the entire process is JVM independent, meaning an object can be serialized on one platform and deserialized on an entirely different platform.
If you are working with interprocess communication is very common to see Serializable objects, a good way to know if you need a serializable object is if you need to keep persistence of the object...
Regards!