it is probably a "random" number (e.g. a file checksum, or the SHA of a commit under a versioning system, or the resource timestamp in MD5 format, or...) generated automatically on server-side as a cachebusting technique. The purpose is to invalidate the browser cache for that resource if you've already loaded it and a change was made.
As example, I always use that technique while I am developing a website with Jekyll and Jekyll-assets, so I can be sure to always see my recent changes without reloading my javascript and stylesheets file from the cache.