Spring not autowiring in unit tests with JUnit

Question

I test the following DAO with JUnit:

@Repository
public class MyDao {

    @Autowired
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    // Other stuff here

}

As you can see, the sessionFactory is autowired using Spring. When I run the test, sessionFactory remains null and I get a null pointer exception.

This is the sessionFactory configuration in Spring:

<bean id="sessionFactory"
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="configLocation">
        <value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
    </property>
    <property name="configurationClass">
        <value>org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration</value>
    </property>
    <property name="hibernateProperties">
        <props>
            <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${jdbc.dialect}</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

What's wrong? How can I enable autowiring for unit testings too?

Update: I don't know if it's the only way to run JUnit tests, but note that I'm running it in Eclipse with right-clicking on the test file and selecting "run as"->"JUnit test"

I have that is from this namespace xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" — user1883212, Jul 12 '13 at 21:35
See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21878714, https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56712707 — tkruse, Nov 04 '22 at 09:43

score 44 · Answer 1 · answered Jul 12 '13 at 20:58

44

Add something like this to your root unit test class:

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration

This will use the XML in your default path. If you need to specify a non-default path then you can supply a locations property to the ContextConfiguration annotation.

http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/2.5.6/reference/testing.html

answered Jul 12 '13 at 20:58

robert_difalco

4,821
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I can't see and include these annotations – user1883212 Jul 12 '13 at 21:02
Ok I just needed to add something into the pom in order to be able to use the annotation. Now that I added them I get this error: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Neither GenericXmlContextLoader nor AnnotationConfigContextLoader was able to detect defaults, and no ApplicationContextInitializers were declared for context configuration [ContextConfigurationAttributes@1dd58d8 declaringClass = 'org.davis.dao.EmployeeDAOImplTest', locations = '{}', classes = '{}', inheritLocations = true, initializers = '{}', inheritInitializers = true, name = [null], contextLoaderClass = 'org.springframework.t... – user1883212 Jul 12 '13 at 21:12
Right, add the locations property to your ContextConfiguration annotation and supply the path to your XML file per the spring documentation I gave you. – robert_difalco Jul 12 '13 at 21:13
I tryed with this, is it correct? @ContextConfiguration(locations={"/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml"}) – user1883212 Jul 12 '13 at 21:18
I can't tell you if it is correct. For my project I specify it as: locations = "classpath:/META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml" – robert_difalco Jul 12 '13 at 21:25
For me i worked just by adding `@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )` in spring-boot – comiventor Apr 04 '18 at 20:28
@user1883212 for that message see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26055876/spring-testing-and-maven – rogerdpack Oct 29 '20 at 19:45

Mcin · Answer 2 · 2019-01-18T12:33:25.750

26

I had same problem with Spring Boot 2.1.1 and JUnit 4
just added those annotations:

@RunWith( SpringRunner.class )
@SpringBootTest

and all went well.

For Junit 5:

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)

source

edited Jan 18 '19 at 12:33

answered Jan 18 '19 at 11:48

Mcin

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25

Still getting null – Eray Tuncer May 20 '20 at 11:23

score 22 · Answer 3 · answered Feb 06 '21 at 21:06

22

I'm using JUnit 5 and for me the problem was that I had imported Test from the wrong package:

import org.junit.Test;

Replacing it with the following worked for me:

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

answered Feb 06 '21 at 21:06

Caner

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This should be the accepted answer, happened to me now more than once. – barfoos Mar 01 '22 at 12:34

Rylander · Answer 4 · 2013-07-15T15:03:37.587

You need to use the Spring JUnit runner in order to wire in Spring beans from your context. The code below assumes that you have a application context called testContest.xml available on the test classpath.

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.startsWith;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:**/testContext.xml"})
@Transactional
public class someDaoTest {

    @Autowired
    protected SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    @Test
    public void testDBSourceIsCorrect() throws SQLException {
        String databaseProductName = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession()
                .connection()
                .getMetaData()
                .getDatabaseProductName();
        assertThat("Test container is pointing at the wrong DB.", databaseProductName, startsWith("HSQL"));
    }
}

Note: This works with Spring 2.5.2 and Hibernate 3.6.5

The problem is to understand the right path to use. I have my servlet-context.xml under src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml and I'm using this location: @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring-servlet.xml"}) But this doesn't work. What should I write instead? — user1883212, Jul 12 '13 at 22:41
@user1883212 Try `@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:**/servlet-context.xml" })` — Rylander, Jul 15 '13 at 15:00
@user1883212 using `classpath*:**/.xml` will search for a context anywhere on your classpath. Is you bean defined in your context or in a servlet? — Rylander, Jul 15 '13 at 15:06

score 6 · Answer 5 · edited May 23 '17 at 11:54

Missing Context file location in configuration can cause this, one approach to solve this:

Specifying Context file location in ContextConfiguration

like:

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:META-INF/your-spring-context.xml" })

More details

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:META-INF/your-spring-context.xml" })
public class UserServiceTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {}

Reference:Thanks to @Xstian

score 3 · Answer 6 · answered Jul 12 '13 at 20:58

You need to add annotations to the Junit class, telling it to use the SpringJunitRunner. The ones you want are:

@ContextConfiguration("/test-context.xml")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

This tells Junit to use the test-context.xml file in same directory as your test. This file should be similar to the real context.xml you're using for spring, but pointing to test resources, naturally.

Spring not autowiring in unit tests with JUnit

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