I'm trying to load a simple 2D texture onto a square and display it in the back of my GLSurfaceView. I've copied over and fixed the code from Draw a 2D Image using OpenGL ES 2.0, but when I install and run the app, the image is split into 4 quadrants which are then rearranged.
Here is the Sprite class I've implemented:
public class Sprite {
//Reference to Activity Context
private final Context mActivityContext;
//Added for Textures
private final FloatBuffer mCubeTextureCoordinates;
private int mTextureUniformHandle;
private int mTextureCoordinateHandle;
private final int mTextureCoordinateDataSize = 2;
private int mTextureDataHandle;
private final String vertexShaderCode =
//Test
"attribute vec2 a_TexCoordinate;" +
"varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate;" +
//End Test
"uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix;" +
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vPosition;" +
//Test
"v_TexCoordinate = a_TexCoordinate;" +
//End Test
"}";
private final String fragmentShaderCode =
"precision mediump float;" +
"uniform vec4 v_Color;" +
//Test
"uniform sampler2D u_Texture;" +
"varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate;" +
//End Test
"void main() {" +
//"gl_FragColor = v_Color;" +
//"gl_FragColor = (v_Color * texture2D(u_Texture, v_TexCoordinate));" +
// Just draw the texture, don't apply a color
"gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_Texture, v_TexCoordinate);" +
"}";
private final int shaderProgram;
private final FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private final ShortBuffer drawListBuffer;
private int mPositionHandle;
private int mColorHandle;
private int mMVPMatrixHandle;
// number of coordinates per vertex in this array
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 2;
static float spriteCoords[] = {
-0.5f, 0.5f, // top left
-0.5f, -0.5f, // bottom left
0.5f, -0.5f, // bottom right
0.5f, 0.5f //top right
};
private short drawOrder[] = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 }; //Order to draw vertices
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; //Bytes per vertex
// Set color with red, green, blue and alpha (opacity) values
float color[] = { 0.63671875f, 0.76953125f, 0.22265625f, 1.0f };
// Image to draw as a texture
final int textureID = R.raw.quadrants;
public Sprite(final Context activityContext) {
mActivityContext = activityContext;
//Initialize Vertex Byte Buffer for Shape Coordinates / # of coordinate values * 4 bytes per float
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(spriteCoords.length * 4);
//Use the Device's Native Byte Order
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
//Create a floating point buffer from the ByteBuffer
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
//Add the coordinates to the FloatBuffer
vertexBuffer.put(spriteCoords);
//Set the Buffer to Read the first coordinate
vertexBuffer.position(0);
// S, T (or X, Y)
// Texture coordinate data.
// Because images have a Y axis pointing downward (values increase as you move down the image) while
// OpenGL has a Y axis pointing upward, we adjust for that here by flipping the Y axis.
// What's more is that the texture coordinates are the same for every face.
final float[] cubeTextureCoordinateData =
{
//Front face
/*0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f*/
/*
This was in the code in the aforementioned StackOverflow post,
but doesn't work either
-0.5f, 0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f
*/
0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f
};
mCubeTextureCoordinates = ByteBuffer
.allocateDirect(cubeTextureCoordinateData.length * 4)
.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer();
mCubeTextureCoordinates.put(cubeTextureCoordinateData).position(0);
//Initialize byte buffer for the draw list
ByteBuffer dlb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(spriteCoords.length * 2);
dlb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
drawListBuffer = dlb.asShortBuffer();
drawListBuffer.put(drawOrder);
drawListBuffer.position(0);
int vertexShader = MyGLRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER,
vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = MyGLRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,
fragmentShaderCode);
shaderProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram();
GLES20.glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
GLES20.glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
//Texture Code
GLES20.glBindAttribLocation(shaderProgram, 0, "a_TexCoordinate");
GLES20.glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
//Load the texture
mTextureDataHandle = loadTexture(mActivityContext, textureID);
}
public void draw(float[] mvpMatrix) {
//Add program to OpenGL ES Environment
GLES20.glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
//Get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "vPosition");
//Enable a handle to the triangle vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
//Prepare the triangle coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
//Get Handle to Fragment Shader's v_Color member
mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "v_Color");
//Set the Color for drawing the triangle
GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, color, 0);
//Set Texture Handles and bind Texture
mTextureUniformHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "u_Texture");
mTextureCoordinateHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "a_TexCoordinate");
//Set the active texture unit to texture unit 0.
GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
//Bind the texture to this unit.
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextureDataHandle);
//Tell the texture uniform sampler to use this texture in the shader by binding to texture unit 0.
GLES20.glUniform1i(mTextureUniformHandle, 0);
//Pass in the texture coordinate information
mCubeTextureCoordinates.position(0);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mTextureCoordinateHandle, mTextureCoordinateDataSize, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mCubeTextureCoordinates);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mTextureCoordinateHandle);
//Get Handle to Shape's Transformation Matrix
mMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
//Apply the projection and view transformation
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mvpMatrix, 0);
//Draw the triangle
GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, drawOrder.length, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, drawListBuffer);
//Disable Vertex Array
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
}
public static int loadTexture(final Context context, final int resourceId)
{
final int[] textureHandle = new int[1];
GLES20.glGenTextures(1, textureHandle, 0);
if (textureHandle[0] != 0)
{
final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inScaled = false; // No pre-scaling
// Read in the resource
final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory
.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resourceId, options);
// Bind to the texture in OpenGL
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureHandle[0]);
// Set filtering
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,
GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,
GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
// Load the bitmap into the bound texture.
GLUtils.texImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);
// Recycle the bitmap, since its data has been loaded into OpenGL.
bitmap.recycle();
}
if (textureHandle[0] == 0)
{
throw new RuntimeException("Error loading texture.");
}
return textureHandle[0];
}
}
As an example, the image at http://changesuk.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/4-quadrants.jpg is changed so that the numbers are all oriented correctly, but are in the pattern
4 | 3
-----
2 | 1
If I change the order in which the coordinates of the square are added (e.g. starting with "bottom left"), the quadrants of the image are shifted but are also rotated about their respective centers (in the case of the above image, the numbers will all be on their sides or heads). I've looked over every line of code and can't understand what's going on here. Has anyone encountered this kind of behavior before, or can someone give an explanation as to what might be causing it?
