You would have to know the BPM of the track at normal speed. When you have that, you can convert with
newBPM = normalBPM x rate
Say at normal speed the track is 120 BPM
Then at 0.5 speed it will be 120 x 0.5 = 60 BPM
At double speed (rate = 2) it will be 120 x 2.0 = 240 BPM
If you don't know the BPM of a track at normal speed you will need to do some more in-depth audio processing with beat-detection algorithms:
How to detect the BPM of a song in php
If you want to avoid pitch shifting when changing the audio rate, you will also need to check out time stretching algorithms
Using such algorithms is beyond the scope of AVAudioPlayer - you will need to look at lower-level Core Audio functions (Audio Queues / Audio Units)